Training & Development

Why Training?

Technological Changes Greater Productivity Increased Quality Consciousness Stable Workforce Increased Safety

What is Training?

Training is an act of increasing knowledge and skills of an employee for doing a particular job. Its purpose is to achieve a change in the behaviour of those trained and to enable them to do their jobs better.

What is Training?

Training is necessary for the newly appointed employees and its equally necessary for the old employee whenever new machines or new technology is introduced in the job. Training is a continuous process.

What is Training?

Although the terms training and development are used interchangeably and often used together, there are some fine distinctions between the two.

Training & Development

TRAINING Training means learning skills and knowledge for doing a particular job. It increases job skills. The term training is generally used to denote imparting specific skills among operative workers and employees. DEVELOPMENT Development means the growth of an employee in all respects. It shapes attitudes. The term development is associated with the overall growth of the executives and managers.

Training & Development

Training is concerned with maintaining and improving current job performance. Thus, it has a short term perspective. Training is job-centred in nature. The role of trainer or supervisor is very important in training.

Executive development seeks to develop competence and skills for future performance. Thus, it has a longterm perspective. Development is centred in nature. career-

All development is selfdevelopment. The executive has to be internally motivated for selfdevelopment.

The Training Process

Identification of Training Needs Setting Training Objectives Organizing Training Programmes Evaluation of Training Results

Identification of Training Needs

Identification of Training Needs

Task Analysis Manpower Analysis

Identification of Training Needs

Indicators for Training

Decreasing production Lower quality More accidents Higher Scrap or rejection rate

Identification of Training Needs

For the job Job Description & Job Specification

Interview with Job-holders Interview with Supervisors Performance Objectives

Identification of Training Needs

For the Individual Personal Profiles

Performance Appraisal Assessment Centre Techniques

Setting Training Objectives

Setting Training Objectives

The goals for training should be tangible, verifiable, timely and measurable. They should be clear to both the supervisor and the employee. The goals should be set in such a manner that they could provide the basis for control and help in the process of evaluating the effectiveness of training.

Setting Training Objectives

Some of the specific objectives of training in organizations could be:

Increased productivity Improved quality Higher morale Reduced number of errors/accidents

Organization of Training Programme

Organization of Training Programme

Selection of Trainees Selection of Trainers Determination of Training Period Determination of Training Method & Material

Implementation of Training Programme

Implementation Programme

of

Training

Infrastructural Arrangements Logistics Programme Management

Evaluation of Training

Feedback on the Programme

Feedback on the programme is usually taken in the form of trainees reactions regarding the overall effectiveness of the programme.

Evaluation of Training

Evaluation of Training Results

Effectiveness of the training programme can not be evaluated only through reactions of the trainees, as is the usual practice. Performance based measures are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the training results.

Evaluation of Training

Some of the popular performance based measures for evaluating training effectiveness are:

Post Training Performance Method Pre-Post Training Performance Method Pre-Post Training Performance Method with Control Group

Training & Learning

Training can also be thought of as a kind of learning experience as it seeks to induce some changes for improvement in our knowledge, skills, attitude and behaviour. Knowledge of learning theories and principles can facilitate learning in a training programme.

Training & Learning

Theories of Learning

Conditioning Theory Insight Theory Social Learning Theory Experiential Learning Theory

Learning Principles

Knowledge of Result or Feedback Massed Vs Distributed Practice Transfer of Learning Part Vs Whole Learning Sequential Learning Role of Motivation