Lecture #2 Click to edit Master subtitle style Tabulation, Graphical and Diagrammatic presentation of data

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Tabulation of Data

Tabulation

The orderly or systematic presentation of Numerical Data in rows and columns designed to clarify the problem under consideration and to facilitate the comparison between the figures

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Advantages or Importance of Data

Tabulation

simplifies complicated

data
Tabulation

presents quantitative data in concise and condensed form facilitates Comparison of Data of data in tabular form provides a basis for analysis and interpretation of such data
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It

Presentation

Types of Table
Simple Tables

Tables :-

which are prepared on basis of only one characteristic of collected Data One way Tables .

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Department wise classification

Department Physics Chemistry Mathematics Statistics Total
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No. of Students 30 25 20 25 100

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Table

which show more than one characteristics of Data are known as Complex Tables . way - 2 characteristics way 3 characteristics .

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Department wise and gender wise classification of 100 university students

No. of Students Department Male Female Physics Chemistry Mathematic s Statistics Total 20 18 15 12 65
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Total 30 25 20 25 100
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10 7 5 13 35

In a sample study about tea-Habit in two towns the following information was received. females 40%;total tea drinkers were 45 %male non-tea drinkers were 20 % B :- Males were 55 % ,male non-tea drinkers were 30 % and female tea drinkers were 15% the missing information ,tabulate the above data

Town A : Town

Supplying

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Solution

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Frequency Distribution Table

Data

collected by investigator Raw Data unorganized ,ungrouped ,unclassified Data Data Difficult to extract desired information

Raw To

extract various information Raw or Unorganized data are to be arranged in the form of frequency distribution distribution is a tabular representation that organizes data in terms of individual data or classes specified by class intervals and shows the frequency of each observation or class
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A frequency

Raw Data Statistical Series

Individual

Series (Distribution )

Those series in which the items or observations are listed singly Marks(x): 35 28 25 35 48 63 57 48 55 35

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Frequency Distribution

One Variable Univariate FD Bivariate FD FD more than 2

Two

Multivariate

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Discrete

variable FD Discrete

FD
Continuous A

Variable FDContinuous FD discrete FD without class interval or with class interval

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Marks 30 obtained by students (x)

Discrete FD without class interval

33 45 55

No. of 5 Students (f)

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Discrete FD with class interval

Family Size No. of Families 1-2 3-4 5-6 6-7

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Continuous FD
Height of 120students (cm) 130 No. of students 10 130140 17 140-150 10

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Class

limit :- the class limits are the smallest and largest values in the class . for instance class 120-130 value 120- lower limit value 130 upper limit

Say

Lowest

Highest Also

called as class boundaries

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Class Class

Interval :- difference between upper and lower limit of class 120-130 130-120 = 10

Class width:- difference between lower limit of that class interval and lower limit of the class interval next to it

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FD FD

with equal class interval with unequal class interval

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Inclusive method of classification

Both

lower and upper limit included in the class

Non-over-lapping 10-19 20-29

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Conversion of class limits to class boundaries

Essential

in case of continuous FD if the observations are taken nearest to its integral value (Discrete form inclusive type) boundary 0.5 lower than class limit 0.5 higher 159.5 and 164.5
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Lower

Upper

160-164-:

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Exclusive method of classification

Upper Only 0-10

limit of one class-lower limit of others lower limit included not the upper limit

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Marks 20-30 30-40 20- less than 30 30-less than 40

No.of students 5 15 5 15

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Class

width for exclusive width for inclusive

Upper lower limit

Class

Upper lower limit +1 Upper boundary lower boundary

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Mid- Value of class interval

(lower

class limit + upper class

limit)
(lower

class boundary + upper class boundary )

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Formation of frequency distribution

Classes Classes Classes Classes class-

should be clearly defined

should be nonoverlapping should cover all observations should be of equal width intervals should not be less than 5 and more than 15
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Cumulative frequency
Less More

than ascending order than descending order

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Present a less than and more than cumulative frequency distribution form the following data Marks No. of CumulativCumulative
in students e frequency statisti (Frequenc frequency (more than ) cs y) (less than) 0-10 15 Less than 10 More than 0 10-20 25 15 100

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