AIDS

Facts

AIDS is a medical condition. A person is diagnosed with aids when their immune system is too weak to fight infection. AIDS was first identified in the early 1980s Today, there are an estimated 33.3 million people living with HIV and AIDS worldwide

AIDS is caused by HIV HIV is a virus that gradually attacks immune system cells, as HIV progressively damages these cells the body becomes more vulnerable to infections.

Is HIV and AIDS the same thing?

HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus A specific type of virus (a retrovirus) HIV invades the helper T cells to replicate itself. No Cure

AIDS

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome HIV is the virus that causes AIDS Disease limits the bodys ability to fight infection A person with AIDS has a very weak immune system No Cure

Causative Agents and Diseases of AIDs

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, known as HIV, is a retrovirus generally believed to be the causative agent for AIDS. HIV is a tricky virus to diagnose and treat, due to the fact that there are actually two forms of it: HIV-1 is the most common form, and is also stronger. HIV-2 is found in limited areas, mostly in western Africa, and is less potent but no less alarming.

Modes of HIV/AIDS Transmission

Have shared injection drug needles and syringes or "works" Have had sex without a condom with an HIV-positive partner Have had a sexually transmitted disease, like chlamydia or gonorrhea Had a blood transfusion or received a blood clotting factor Have had sex with someone who has done any of those things From a mother who has HIV to her baby

Incubation Period
The average incubation period of AIDS is now considered to be 2-10 years. This early detection and prevention of patients have caused great difficulties. Since then, eight years, 50% of people develop AIDS. A short incubation period of AIDS in children, with an average of 12 months. At this time a very sensitive method to detect AIDS virus infected slurry in the amount of nuclear awake, predictable five years, the chances of disease.

PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY
The period of infectiousness is unknown; however, a person infected with HIV is presumed to be infectious (capable of passing the infection from one person to another) shortly after time of exposure to HIV until death.

Blood Detection Tests

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA/EIA) Radio Immunoprecipitation Assay/Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Assay (RIP/IFA) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Western Blot Confirmatory test

Urine Testing
Urine Western Blot

As sensitive as testing blood Safe way to screen for HIV Can cause false positives in certain people at high risk for HIV

Oral Testing

Orasure

The only FDA approved HIV antibody. As accurate as blood testing Draws blood-derived fluids from the gum tissue. NOT A SALIVA TEST!

Treatment Options

Antiretroviral Drugs

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors

AZT (Zidovudine) Viramune (Nevirapine) Norvir (Ritonavir)

Non-Nucleoside Transcriptase inhibitors

Protease inhibitors

Signs and Symptoms

Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week Dry cough Memory loss, depression and neurological disorders Pneumonia Profound, unexplained fatigue Rapid weight loss Recurring fever or profuse night sweats Red, brown, pink or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose or eyelids Swollen lymph glands in the armpits, groin or neck

Complications
Tuberculosis (TB). In resource-poor nations, TB is the most common opportunistic infection associated with HIV and a leading cause of death among people living with AIDS. Millions of people are currently infected with both HIV and tuberculosis, and many experts consider the two diseases twin epidemics. Salmonellosis. You contract this bacterial infection from contaminated food or water. Symptoms include severe diarrhea, fever, chills, abdominal pain and, occasionally, vomiting. Although anyone exposed to salmonella bacteria can become sick, salmonellosis is far more common in people who are HIVpositive.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV). This common herpes virus is transmitted in body fluids such as saliva, blood, urine, semen and breast milk. A healthy immune system inactivates the virus, and it remains dormant in your body. If your immune system weakens, the virus resurfaces causing damage to your eyes, digestive tract, lungs or other organs. Candidiasis. Candidiasis is a common HIV-related infection. It causes inflammation and a thick white coating on the mucous membranes of your mouth, tongue, esophagus or vagina. Children may have especially severe symptoms in the mouth or esophagus, which can make eating painful and difficult.

Nursing Management
1.Health education The healthcare worker must: Know the patient Avoid fear tactics Avoid judgmental and moralistic messages Be consistent and concise Use positive statement Give practical advice

2. Practice universal/standard precaution There is a need for a thorough medical handwashing after every contact with patient and after removing the gown and gloves, and before leaving the room of an AIDS suspect or known AIDS patient. Use of universal barrier or Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) e.g., cap, mask, gloves, CD gown, face shield/goggles are very necessary.

3. Prevention Care should be taken to avoid accidental pricks from sharp instruments contaminated with potentially infectious materials form AIDS patient. Gloves should be worn when handling blood specimens and other body secretions as well as surfaces, materials and objects exposed to them. Blood and other specimens should be labeled with special warning AIDS Precaution.

Blood spills should be cleaned immediately using common household disinfectants, like chlorox. Needles should not be bent after use, but should be disposed into a puncture-resistant container. Personal articles like razor or razor blades, toothbrush should not be shared with other members of the family. Razor blades may be disposed in the same manner as needles are disposed. Patients with active AIDS should be isolated.

Four ways to protect yourself?

Abstinence Monogamous Relationship Protected Sex Sterile needles

Abstinence

It is the only 100 % effective method of not acquiring HIV/AIDS. Refraining from sexual contact: oral, anal, or vaginal. Refraining from intravenous drug use

Monogamous relationship

A mutually monogamous (only one sex partner) relationship with a person who is not infected with HIV HIV testing before intercourse is necessary to prove your partner is not infected

Protected Sex

Use condoms (female or male) every time you have sex (vaginal or anal) Always use latex or polyurethane condom (not a natural skin condom) Always use a latex barrier during oral sex

Sterile Needles

If a needle/syringe or cooker is shared, it must be disinfected:

Fill the syringe with undiluted bleach and wait at least 30 seconds. thoroughly rinse with water Do this between each persons use

Thank You!