DELHI METRO

The Success Mantra

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Shri M Ramachandran

Chairman

Managing Director

Dr. E. Sreedharan

Other Directors

16 Nominees of Govt. of India 5 Nominees of Govt. of NCTD No. of full-time functional Directors at present including MD 7

MISSION
To cover the whole of Delhi with a Metro Network by the year 2021. To be of world class standards in regard to safety, reliability, punctuality, comfort and customer satisfaction. To operate on sound commercial lines obviating the need for Government support.

THE PROJECT

After more than 40 years of studies into a rail-based mass transit system, the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) began construction on 1 October 1998. By November 2006, all three lines in Phase 1 totaling 65km (40.4 miles) were operational, three years ahead of schedule. On 25 December 2002, the first section of Line 1 from Shahdara to TisHazari was opened. Delhi Metro was designed to be integrated with other public transport and DMRC signed an agreement with Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) to integrate management and through-ticketing. DMRC has itself supplied around 200 feeder buses of a quality consistent with Metro operations to work feeder routes to stations. There are 18 designated parking sites at Metro stations to further encourage use of the system.

KEY DATA

Population 16.2 million Operator Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) Gauge 1,676mm Power 25kV ac overhead supply Network length 68 km Stations 62 stations on 3 separate lines (13 underground, 48 elevated and 1 at-grade station).

Metro Lines Currently Operational

Lines Distance Number of Stations Timings Frequency

Line I (Shahdara Rithala)

22 km **(AG-4.5 km, EL17.50 km)

18

6:00 AM-11:00 PM

6 min at peak hrs-15 min during nonpeak hrs

Line II ( Vishwa Vidyalaya Central Sectt.)

11 km **(UG- 11 km)

10

6:00 AM-11:00 PM

6 min at peak hrs - 10 min during non peak hrs

Line III (IndraprasthaBarakhamba Road Dwarka)*

32.1 km **(EL29.93 km, UG-2.17 km)

31

6:00 AM-11:00 PM

6 min at peak hrs-15 min during nonpeak hrs

**(AG- At grade, EL- elevated, UG- underground)

METRO PHASES

METRO PHASES

PHASE II: TARGET OPENING DATES

Corridor Shahdara - Dilshad Garden Indraprastha - New Ashok Nagar New Ashok Nagar - Noida Vishwavidyalaya Jahangirpuri Yamuna Bank - Anand Vihar ISBT Qutab Minar - Gurgaon Kirti Nagar / Inderlok - Mundka Central Secretariat - Green Park Green Park - Qutab Minar a) New Delhi Railway station IGI Airport a) IGI Airport - Dwarka Sector 21 Badarpur - Sarita Vihar Lajpat Nagar Extension from Dwarka Sector 9 to 21 Anand Vihar ISBT Vaishali, Ghaziabad Approx. Length (in kms) 3.09 8.07 7.0 6.36 6.17 14.47 18.46 6.6 5.9 19.2 3.50 6.51 2.76 2.5 Commissioned June 2009 June 2009 October 2009 December 2009 January 2010 March 2010 April 2010 June 2010 August 2010 September 2010 September 2010 September 2010 September 2010 Target Opening Dates

NEED FOR METRO

Increasing population (16.2 million)

Growing size of cities

Heterogeneous mix of Vehicles- buses, cars, Scooters, cycles

Road accidents

More pollution

Traffic jams

Thus, a pragmatic policy shift to discourage private modes and encourage public transport was needed and introduction of a rail based (MRTS) Mass Rapid Transit System was called for.

FINANCING PLAN
The project will be financed by way of equity contributions from the GOI / GNCTD, soft loan from the OECF (Japan), property development revenue and certain decided levies / taxes on

the city dwellers.

The financial plan of the project has been approved by the GNCTD and GIO on 24.7.1996 and 17.9.19996 respectively.

Source of Fund 1. Equity contribution from GOI& GNCTD 2. OECF (Japan) Loan 3. Revenue from Property Development 4. Subordinate Debt towards Cost and Land

Percentage of Total Cost 15% each Approx. 56% Approx. 6% Approx. 8%

The above financial plan is based on : Debt Equity ratio 2:1 Fare: Base rate Rs. 5.00 (at April, 1995 prices) per passenger trip of 7.12 km.

BENEFITS
The Delhi MRTS is essentially a "social sector project, whose benefits will pervade wide sections of economy. The modified first phase will generate substantial benefits to the economy by the way of:

Time saving for commuters Reliable and safe journey Reduction in atmospheric pollution Reduction in accident Reduced fuel consumption Reduced vehicle operating costs Increase in the average speed of road vehicles Improvement in the quality of life More attractive city for economic investment and growth

ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH & SAFETY POLICY / IMPACT ON CAPITAL

Delhi Metro helped save 33,000 tonnes of fuel and prevented the creation of over 2,275 tonnes of poisonous gases in the past four years. Saving environment: Studies conducted by the Central Road Research Institute have shown that the Metro has reduced at least 40,000 cars from being used for daily commute. Metro possibly saved around 476 lives, which otherwise would have been lost due to road accidents. It also helped save Rs288 crore in road maintenance and traffic management costs. Mind that line: The Metro has brought some change in the manner in which people behave in some public spaces. Commuters stick to the yellow line as they wait for trains. Saving jobs: The Metro has proved to be a saviour of sorts for hundreds of rickshaw operators in the city by helping at least around 20 rickshaw operators earn their living by ferrying Metro passengers, who arent on the feeder bus routes, to and from the stations to their homes. Real estate values: The Metro is, in part, responsible for soaring land and buildings prices with several new projects coming up in the vicinity of almost every Metro station.

SERVICES PROVIDED

Free Drop Boxes at Metro Stations for Cheque: Commuters of the Delhi Metro can pay their telephone, power and credit card bills at the Metro stations. Feeder bus services: For the benefit of nearby colonies, Delhi Metro will provide connectivity to the new stations with its GPSenabled feeder buses.

OPERATIONS & SAFETY

Each train consists of four or more coaches and can carry up to 240 seated and 400 standing passengers. The trains operate at intervals of 3 to 4.5 minutes between 6:00 to 23:00. Coaches on all trains are well ventilated and air-conditioned at a temperature of 20~22C. All metro stations and trains are monitored constantly by more than 1200 closed-circuit cameras, and specially trained Delhi Metro police are stationed at all stations and trains to deal with law and order issues. The Delhi Metro is also one of the few metros in the world to have plain clothed metro-marshals on trains. Eating, drinking, smoking, and chewing of gum are prohibited in the entire system. Constant and timely automated station announcements are recorded in Hindi and English. Many stations have services such as ATMs, food outlets, cafs and convenience stores.

Information systems are in Hindi and English, and a tactile yellow line on platforms marks the safety limit.

SPECIAL FEATURES OF METRO TRAINS

The DMRC has ordered 131 new trains in view of the increased rush on the Metro system in Delhi, every new Metro coach of Phase II will :

provide passengers with power connections inside the coaches so that they can use their laptops and charge their mobiles while they are traveling in the Metro have reduced noise levels inside the trains by using special sound absorbing cushions in the walls of the Metro coaches and more buffing on the Metro doors which will be better sealed by reducing the door gaps to ensure that less sound from outside enters the trains. The noise level in the underground coaches has been reduced by 8 decibels(db) as in Phase-I the internal noise levels was around 92 db which will now be only 84 db in Phase-II.

THE FUTURE
Although by 2007 the system was operating at below projected passenger levels, partly ascribed to train capacity proving lower in practice than projected, Delhi Metro is achieving an operating profit. Carrying 5% of the citys commuters, the project is proving to not only meet the anticipated aim of attracting former road users and reducing road casualties in areas it serves, the Metro is also stimulating economic development in proximity to stations. To further discourage vehicle use in connection with Metro use, a low-cost cycle hire and secure parking trial has been launched.

SPECIAL FEATURES OF METRO TRAINS

providing better level of passenger comfort as for the first time there will be Humidity control through Humidity Sensors which will eliminate humidity inside the coaches. The temperature will be maintained at 25 degree Celsius and relative humidity will be maintained at 60 % during the summer and monsoon months (in Phase - I trains, there was only temperature control). have new destination sign boards in LED on one window of the side wall of each coach so that passengers can view the terminal stations while standing on the platform as some Trains may be terminating at intermediate stations depending upon operational needs. also have Closed Circuit Television Cameras (CCTVs) inside the coaches apart from cameras outside the coaches so that the driver can see the entry and exit of passengers from the train. The driver of the Metro trains will now be able to observe passenger behavior in every part of the train at all times. the train will have energy absorbent couplers which can absorb shock and reduce damage to the car body structure in collisions.

Delhi metro single journey token

Delhi metro smart card

FEATURES OF NEW STNS. {PH.-II}

The station buildings of Mansarovar Park, Jhilmil and Dilshad Garden will have several features including: Separate Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) gates for entry and exit at opposite ends of stations, Water-harvesting structures, Close circuit television (CCTV) from the very beginning (16 at each station), Two Customer Care Centres at each station, Parking facilities at all stations, Commuter related property development.

THE MAN BEHIND IT

"The Delhi metro is a stunning example of how a government project can be done properly," Delhi Metro Rail Corporation managing director E Sreedharan told Reuters. "It's been a good example for the politicians of what the professionals can do if they are given a free hand. The prestige of a metro in the capital led the government to appoint a manager with an impressive record with full powers to hire people, decide on tenders and control funds -- a feat rarely repeated in India where graft and red tape slow many projects.

THE MAN BEHIND IT

With the public sector's reputation so tainted, Sreedharan has attained almost hero-like status. Surveys show he is one of India's most respected figures. Good reasons why Mr. Sreedharan can hold his head high today:o

Getting a huge Japanese loan (about 64 per cent of the total project cost) at an interest rate of less than 1.8 per cent. On the revenue side also, Mr. Sreedharan has shown remarkable financial management skills. Drawing the right lessons from all the metro networks running in different cities in the world, he has laid adequate emphasis on non-operating revenue sources. Mr Sreedharan has kept a tight control on expenditure under all the three heads. One-third of the total cost is accounted for by manpower, one-third by energy and the remaining one-third of the cost is on account of materials use and maintenance etc. Sreedharan's success in this city of 14 million people has led authorities to look at metros across India, including the technology hubs of Bangalore and Hyderabad.

HONOURS

France's highest ACCOLADE FOR METRO CHIEF Mr. E. Sreedharan was honoured with France's highest honour Chevalier de l'Odre National de la Legion d' Honour i.e. Knight of the Legion of Honour. It was presented by the French ambassador to India H.E. Dominique Girarad on 22nd November, 2005 in New Delhi for Mr. Sreedharan's longstanding commitment to the development of transportation infrastructure in India.

More honour for metro chief Mr. E. Sreedharan, Managing Director, Delhi Metro Rail Corporation was honoured with a Degree of Doctor of Science (Honoris Causa) by the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi for his outstanding contributions and achievements in National Development.

HONOURS

Second highest Civilian Honour conferred upon Dr. E. Sreedharan

Dr. E. Sreedhran was honoured with the Padma Vibhushan. The honour was announced on the eve of the country's 59th Republic Day i.e. on 25thJanuary 2008 and was conferred upon Dr. Sreedharan by Hon'ble President of India Smt. Pratibha Patil.

Delhi Metro Receives ISO 14001 For Eco-Friendly Systems It is the first metro system in the world to obtain ISO 14001 certification for environment-friendly construction and operations in the construction stage itself, and the second after the New York Metro, to achieve this standard.

THE DARK SIDE

However the construction & operation of the Delhi Metro has seen its fair share of mishaps:

Metro Rail Corridor collapses NEW DELHI: A day after an underconstruction metro railway elevated corridor collapsed in the Capitals trans-Yamuna area leaving two persons dead and a dozen injured, the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation on Monday dismissed an assistant engineer, suspended a junior engineer, imposed a fine of Rs.10 lakh on the contractor and removed the project manager and deputy project manager of the contracting company AFCONS from all DMRC works.

THE DARK SIDE

10 Nov 2008: Man commits suicide at Janakpuri Metro Station.

Oct 19, 2008: An under construction flyover collapsed in Laxmi Nagar of east Delhi due to mechanical failure leading to death of at least two people and injuring 30.
Sep 30, 2008: A prisoner was injured after he got dragged by a Metro train across the length of the Chandni Chowk platform. He was tied to another prisoner with a rope and was escorted by three policemen. He seemed to have got off the train but his partner remained inside the coach. The doors of the metro train shut and the train began to move with the rope stuck between the doors. Joginder got dragged till the end of the platform where fortunately it snapped, saving his life. July 18, 2008: A malfunctioning crane at a metro construction site near Ram Monohar Lohia hospital dropped a four tonne iron beam on a passing Tavera car injuring two.

Jan 21, 2008: A labourer was killed at a Delhi Metro construction site here while carrying out burrowing work.
Aug 28, 2007: A crane driver died after a concrete block fell on him due to a "technical failure" at a Delhi Metro construction site in Mayur Vihar in east Delhi.

THE MANTRA

The Delhi Metros success stems, to a large extent, from its clearly defined objectives and vision, which is 1. to complete the project on time 2.within the cost 3.without causing inconvenience to the public. Different project teams are expected to complete the different sections under their responsibility in time, and, therefore, there is no question of not completing the project as planned. Deadlines were treated as sacrosanct throughout the project, which in turn kept the costs from escalating. As a result, Phase I of the project was completed almost 2 years and 9 months ahead of schedule and within the budgeted cost. Presently, Phase II of the Delhi Metro with a length of 125 km is under construction in half the time of Phase I since DMRC has to complete it before the Commonwealth Games in 2010.

THE MANTRA

Increase in DMRC profit

To keep the fares at a low level, the company has extensively harnessed its resources other than operations. These include lease rentals and property development. In fact, the DMRC is funding about 5 per cent of the cost of Phase-II from its internal resources generated from Phase-I earnings. The fully operational Phase-I consisting of 65.1 km carry an average of 6.15 lakh commuters per day with the highest ridership in a day recorded so far at 7.36 lakhs with the actual Metro train occupancy on that day standing at 10.5 lakh as 43 per cent commuters used two or three lines in each trip. Delhi Metro has one of the lowest fare structures in the world, other than the Kolkata In 2006-2007, DMRC generated total revenue of Rs.542.78 crore and recorded a 15 per cent hike in its operational profit for the financial year 2006-07. After adjustment of interest and depreciation, the DMRC earned profit before tax of Rs.23.59 crores during the financial year 2006-2007. After prior period adjustment of Rs.0.36 crore, the net surplus stood at Rs.23.23 crore.

THE MANTRA
Operating profits: Delhi Metro among top 5 The Delhi Metro might be one of the newest Metros in the world, but its operational efficiencies are second to none. This has helped the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation post operating profits from day one. It is amongst the five metros in the world out of over 130 to generate an operating surplus.

In the last one year, it has brought down its operating ratio to 0.52 from 0.64. The ratio measures that part of the income which goes to meet the operational expenditure of a railway. To put it in perspective, the operating ratio of the rejuvenated Indian Railways stood at 0.78 during 2007-08. Delhi Metro officials claimed their operating ratio is the best when compared with other Metros, which has helped it generate surplus cash that is being used to repay loans worth almost Rs 5,000 crore (Rs 50 billion) on the company's books.

SOME FACTS

In 2006-2007, DMRC generated total revenue of Rs.542.78 crore and recorded a 15 per cent hike in its operational profit for the financial year 2006-07. In the last one year, it has brought down its operating ratio to 0.52 from 0.64. the operating ratio of the rejuvenated Indian Railways stood at 0.78 during 2007-08. Between 2005-06 and 2006-07, Delhi Metros earnings per employee witnessed a growth of 149 per cent from Rs 382,000 per employee to Rs 953,000 per employee. During the financial year 2005-06, Delhi Metro had around 48 employees per route kilometre, which it reduced to 39 in 2007-08, the earning per commuter has increased by 27 per cent to Rs 11.27 from Rs 8.88 during the period, though Delhi Metro has refrained from raising its fares. After adjustment of interest and depreciation, the DMRC earned profit before tax of Rs.23.59 crores during the financial year 2006-2007. After prior period adjustment of Rs.0.36 crore, the net surplus stood at Rs.23.23 crore.

THE MANTRA
Also the experience of DMRC CEO E.Shreedharan has helped the Metro in more ways than one.

SUCCESS MANTRA

To achieve its goal, DMRC has adopted a distinct work culture in which the contractors are treated as partners in project implementation as the DMRC realised that it could succeed only if the contractors succeed. We thus made sure that the decisions and payments to the contractors were made on time and the pace of work on the sites was closely monitored at all times. Internally, monitoring is done through a schedule of meetings which ensure vertical and horizontal communication within the organisation and timely achievement of targets is watched through reverse countdown clocks and periodic reviews. At DMRC, we recognise the fact that it is not enough to use the best technology . Transparency, efficiency, accountability , service-orientation and participation of constituents are equally important. Transparency and accountability are aspects in which we make no compromise. Maintaining complete transparency in all activities has ensured that external parties cannot exert undue influence on the activities of the organisation. For all DMRC personnel, punctuality, integrity and professional competence are essential qualities and no compromises are made on these accounts. We spared no expense to ensure technical competence of employees, even when it meant sending them to Hong Kong, Paris, London and other cities for exposure and training.

OPERATIONAL REVENUE

OPERATING RATIO

PROFITS

DELHI METRO IN POPULAR CULTURE

A book has been published about the Delhi Metro. It was released in 2003. Delhi Metro has been featured and has a special mention in 2005 Bollywood film Bewafaa.

Delhi Metro has been featured in a Discovery Channel documentary 24 Hours with the Delhi Metro.
Delhi Metro has been extensively shown in the 2008 Subhash Ghai film Black & White, featuring Anil Kapoor. The Delhi Metro is also featured in the Toronto Film Festival Production "Amal".

Metres below the rickshaws, hawkers and crowds of Delhi, a parallel world of air-conditioned calm, marble-lined floors and punctual trains showcases how India's crucial infrastructure can get built. Modern trains quietly arrive at stations to calm announcers. No tea or food sellers ply the platform. Elevators feature sari meshes to stop the flowing robes from getting caught in the gap, all in sharp contrast to India's mostly chaotic railway stations. Worries over India's infrastructure shortcomings have reached a crescendo in the last few months as signs of an overheating economy and supply bottlenecks from unfinished highways to packed ports have many thinking an economic boom could be short-lived. In about 20 months from now, the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation will complete the first phase of its mass rapid transport system in the Capital. The first phase will cover a distance of 62 kilometres, of which 12 kilometres are underground and the remaining 50 kilometres are on elevated corridors. And the total cost of the first phase is Rs 10,570 crore (Rs 105.7 billion).The completion of the first phase by September 2005 essentially means that a project as gigantic as this will be implemented in a record time of seven years. For a public sector undertaking, this is a dream run. There is hardly any public sector project in this country, which has got

implemented before its schedule and has not seen any cost
escalation. It was all an unlikely success. A previous attempt at a metro in Kolkata ended with less than 20 km (12 miles) of line built in 23 years -- and 12 times over budget. The failure was blamed on political meddling, technical problems and bureaucratic delays.