CONTENTS

AMOSPHERE
THE COMPOSITION OF THE
STRUCTURE OF ATMOSPHERE
FACTORS EFFECTING
TEMPERATURE
GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF
TEMPERATURE
 INTRODUCTION

• The Sun is the main source of heat and light on

the Earth.
• The Earth is enveloped by a blanket of
atmosphere which protects from the harmful
radiation of the Sun.
• The atmosphere acts as a huge filter keeping out
all harmful ultra violet radiation while allowing
heat to reach the Earth.
 ATMOSPHERE

This is the layer of gases

surrounding the earth. Earth’s
atmosphere is a colourless,
odourless, tasteless Sea of gases,
water vapour and fine dust.
It is about 700 miles deep.
 THE COMPOSITION OF THE
STRUCTURE OF ATMOSPHER
TROPOSPHERE
STRATOSPHERE
MESOSPHERE
THERMOSPHERE
IONOSPHERE
EXOSPHERE
 TROPOSPHERE

The lowest layer of the atmosphere is

called troposphere.
It extends 12km above the ground.
It contains 70percent of all the
atmosphere’s gas, water vapour and
dust.
 STRATOSPHERE
• It is 50km above the Earth’s
surface .
• It contains 19 percent of the
atmosphere’s gas .
• There are little water vapours in
this layer. OZONE LAYER ,a band
of ozone gas that absorbs the
Sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays
also present in this layer.
 MESOSPHERE

• This layer is 80km above the

ground.
• The gases in the mesosphere are
too thin to absorb much of the
Sun’s heat, so temperature
drops rapidly with the height.
 THERMOSPHERE
• The layer of the atmosphere above th
mesosphere.
• The gases of the thermosphere are
even thinner than those in mesosphere
,but they absorb ultraviolet light
from sun, boosting temperature to
as high as 2000ºC.
• This layer protects us from Meteors as
they burn up due to high temperature.
 IONOSPHERE

• This layer is full of electrically charged

particles .
• The ionosphere is important for
communications because around the
world all communications are
transmitted through this layer.
 EXOSPHERE

• The exosphere is the outer layer of th

atmosphere.
• It is more than 700km above the earth
where gases get thinner and thinner
and drift off into space.
 FACTORS EFFECTING
TEMPERATURE
• Latitude
• Altitude
• Distance from sea
• Oceans currents
• Winds
• Slopes of land
• Vegetation
 LATITUDE
The land near
the equator is always
hot all year round
and the poles are
always cold. This is
so because on the
equator the rays of
the sun fall
vertically. The places
away from the By-IQBAL KAUR

equator are less hot.

 ALTITUDE

As we go
higher up the
temperature goes
on decreasing
.On climbing
every 166 meters
there is a fall of
1C in
temperature.
By IQBAL KAUR
 DISTANCE FROM THE SEA
The places near the sea have moderate
temperature all year round.
SEA BREEZE
During day the air above the land
expands due to heat and rise up, cool air
from the sea blows towards land.
It cools land during day.
LAND BREEZE.
At night the land cools quickly. The air
above water expands and rises up, cool
air from land blows over sea
A cool breeze blowing from sea A cool breeze blowing from land
towards
Made by-land
IQBAL KAUR (S. S. towards sea during night
 OCEANS CURRENT

• Oceans currents also affect the

temperature of a place These oceans
currents may be warm or cool.
• When the winds blow over warm
currents, they collect water vapours and
moisture and cause rainfall on the coasts.
 WINDS

The winds coming from hot

areas lower the temperature in
winter and rise it in summer.
Whereas winds blowing from sea rise
the winter temperature but lower the
summer temperatures
 SLOPES OF THE LAND
In Northern hemisphere slopes facing
south are warmer than north facing
slopes and in the Southern
hemisphere, north facing slopes are
warmer than south facing slopes.
 VEGETATION
Vegetation reduces temperature by
releasing moisture in the air. That is
why tree covered area are cooler.
Vegetation also helps in increasing
the rainfall of a place.
 GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION
OF
TEMPERATURE

• TORRID ZONE
• TEMPERATE ZONE
• FRIGID ZONE
 TORRID ZONE
This zone lies
between 23ºNand
23ºS latitudes.
Here the sun’s
rays
are almost
vertical
all through the
year
because it
receives By-IQBAL KAUR
 TEMPERATE ZONE
This zone lies
between 23ºN and
66ºN latitudes in the
northern hemisphere
and 23ºS and 66ºS
in the southern
hemisphere. In this
zone the amount of
heat received
decreases with an
increase in latitude.
This zone is
comfortable for live
in and work. By-IQBAL KAUR
 FRIGID ZONE
This region lies
between 66ºN to north
pole and 66ºS to south
pole. Here the rays of
sun are always slanting
and thus the place is
always cold. We find
very few people living in
this zone. By-IQBAL KAUR
BIBLIOGRAPHY

• N.C.E.R.T. BOOKS