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Technology
1

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
DEPARTMENT
SENIOR PROJECT 2
FINAL MINI PRESENTATION

PROJECT TITLE: A PREPAID WATER CONTROL
CIRCUIT SYSTEM FOR WATER
METERING

STUDENT NAME: LIBIN MATHEW
ADMISSION NO: EC-08 416
CLASS: S6 ECE
SUPERVISOR: MITHUN CA


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INTRODUCTION
A water meter is a device that is used to measure the volume of
water usage.
A prepaid water control circuit system is a control mechanism that
allows water usage when there is a certain amount of prepaid units
in the control circuit system and terminates water usage when the
units are over.
In such a system, a customer purchases a separate prepaid credit
card with values of credit units encoded in it.
The units are loaded into the control circuit system which allows
water usage, when the units are over the control circuit system cuts
off water automatically until recharged with new units.
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
The current water metering system is postpaid.

Water authority sends its workers to customers locations to
read water meter units.

The system is time consuming to the DAWASCO workers.

The system does not give accountability to costumers.


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PROJECT OBJECTIVE
General objective
The general objective of this project is to design a prepaid
water control circuit system for water metering.
Specific objective
i. To design an electrically controlled valve that will be
used to open and close water flow to the customer.
ii. To design sensing system that will generate voltage
equivalent to the amount of water used by a customer.


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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
To reduce or eliminate the expenses of reading meters at
the customers locations.

To eliminate the bad habit of some customers who load
up their bill debts.

To eliminate the expenses incurred by the water authority
to cut meters of customers who fail to pay their bills for a
long time.

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METHODOLOGY
Reading different literatures relevant to this project.
Internet surfing for proper materials which will help to
accomplish the project.
Consulting the project supervisor, lecturers, qualified
professionals, and some water customers.
Data collection
Designing the system.
Testing the system.
Writing the project report.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Explains about the literature behind the existing and
proposed system.

Also discusses their advantages and disadvantages.


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LITERATYRE REVIEW CONT
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF AN EXISTING SYSTEM
REGISTER
(READING
METER)
WATER
OUTLET
WATER
INLET
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LITERATURE REVIEW CONT
ADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM
o It is cheap to install.
o Requires few components to install.

DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM
Time consuming to the DAWASCO workers
It does not give accountability to costumers
Some customers complain to be overcharged for small service.
Some customers load up their bills for a long time.



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LITERATURE REVIEW CONT
SENSOR
MICROCO
NTROLLER
DISPLAY
VALVE
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
SWITCHING
CIRCUIT
KEYPAD
SOLAR
POWER
SUPPLY
FLOW OF WATER SUPPLY TO A CUSTOMER
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ADVANTAGES OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
The system will eliminate meter reading expenses
The corporation will be able to calculate its income because it
will have direct payments for its water supply.
The system will eliminate bad habits of some customers who
load up their bill debts.
The system will reduce or eliminate customers complains of
been overcharged.
The system will provide a great awareness to the customers
water consumption habits

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DATA COLLECTION
EXISTING SYSTEM
Types of water meter used by
DAWASCO
Mult-jet
Max flow rate 8000 litres/hour
Min. flow rate 100 litres/hour
Body length 165mm
Height 125mm
Width 100mm

Mass 475-480gram
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DATA COLLECTION CONT
A list of some few customers bills complaints.

S/N Customer
name
A/N Meter No Area Office
Reported
Misreading
Actual
reading
1 Juliana Mtui A1243501 35145518 Ilala 520 402
2 Mohamed
Habib
90001910 28349182 Ilala 195 155
3 Mary Masaro A126201 35114473 Ilala 1876 1409
4 Val Nallav Th 12304201 34145450 Ilala 674 631
5 Majput C. M 13104161 35106036 Ilala 150 97
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DATA COLLECTION CONT

PROPOSED SYSTEM
Technical specification of the tachogenerator sensor

Model 8931 Speed Sensor /
Tachometer
Direction of Rotation CW and ACW
Speed Ranges 0 to 2500 r/min and 0 to 7500 r/min
Output Voltage 5V
Input Voltage 15 V DC
Speed Sensor Output Sensitivity
Impedance
500 r/min / V
Less than 15 k
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DATA COLLECTION
Technical specification of the tachometer sensor
Model 8920 Digital Tachometer
Direction of Rotation CW and ACW
Speed Range 0.05% + 1 digit
Power four 1.5-V AA cells
Display 5 digits
Physical Characteristics Dimensions
(H xW x D)

80 x 250 x 120 mm
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DATA COLLECTION
General 2x6 Matrix keypad specification


2x6 Columns and Rows
Contact Rating 60mA, 5Vdc
Operating temperature -40C to +70C
Storage temperature -45C to + 75C
Operating environment 100% Relative Humidity
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DATA COLLECTION
General 4x4 Matrix keypad specification
4x4 Columns and Rows
Contact rating 20mA,24VDC
Contact resistance 200 ohm max
Operating Temperature -20C to +60C
Storage Temperature -40C to +65C
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DATA COLLECTION CONT
General 3x4 Matrix keypad specification


3x4 Columns and Rows
Contact Rating 20mA, 5Vdc
Max resistance 200
Life 1000000 cycles per day
Operating temperature -20C to +60C
Storage Temperature -40C to +65C
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DATA COLLECTION CONT
PIC 16F87X data sheet specifications

Key Features PIC16F873 PIC16F874 PIC16F876 PIC16F877
Operating
Frequency
DC - 20
MHz
DC - 20
MHz
DC - 20
MHz
DC - 20 MHz
FLASH Program
Memory (14-bit
words)
4K 4K 8K 8K
EEPROM Data
Memory
128 128 256 256
I/O Ports Ports A,B,C Ports
A,B,C,D,E
Ports A,B,C Ports
A,B,C,D,E
Interrupts 13 14 13 14
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DATA COLLECTION CONT
Technical specification of the solenoid valve

Size -1 inches
Material Brass
Voltage 5V 12V
Working Pressure 6000kPa
Actuator 90
Rotational direction Double Acting
Power 5W max
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DATA ANALYSIS
Introduction
This involves selection of the components and
either the reasons for the selection of a given
particular component or the calculations
leading to the selection of the particular
component that will eventually be incorporated
in building the complete circuit.
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DATA ANALYSIS
SENSOR
Tachogenerator sensor will be used. It has:
Speed Ranges of 0 to 2500 r/min and 0 to 7500 r/min
Output Voltage is 5V which does not need to be
amplified in order to be compatible with the PIC
Good sensitivity of to 500 r/min / V

Dar es Salaam Institute of
Technology DATA ANALYSIS
SUPPLIERS PIPE FLOW RATE


Where:-
A = cross sectional area of the inner diameter (m
2
).
V = water flow velocity (m/sec)
But,
Where:-
r = radius of the pipe(m)
Therefore,

The existing diameter of the pipe = 2in = 6.5cm


V A Q =
2
r A =t
V r Q =
2
t
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THE DAWASCO INLET PIPE DATA ANALYSIS
Assuming that DAWASCO will constantly supply water
system for 24hours. Thus, the average volume flow rate in
DAWASCO inlet pipe,


Therefore the velocity of water in the DAWASCO pipe

is

Where:- Q = volume flow rate (m
3
/min)
r = radius of a pipe = 0.065m
A = cross section area of a pipe(m
2
)

min) / (
2
m
r
Q
A
Q
V

= =
t
min / 042 . 0
60 24
60
3
m
Time
Volume
Q =

= =
Dar es Salaam Institute of
Technology PIPE DATA ANALYSIS

Therefore velocity,





sec / 21 . 0 min / 65 . 12
2
065 . 0
042 . 0
2
m m V = =
|
.
|

\
|

=
t
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DATA ANALYSIS...

KEYPAD
3x4 matrix keypad will be used in this project.
It is more convenient than 4x4 because it is
easy to use, also it is easy to interface with the
PIC.






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DATA ANALYSIS ...
KEYPAD PIN CONNECTION
Wire Color Description Pins
Green Data 0 Pin 1
- not used Pin 2
Red Keypad Power Pin 3
Black Keypad Ground Pin 4
- not used Pin 5
Brown LCD Pin 6
White Data 1 Pin 7
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DATA ANALYSIS

DISPLAY
The display that will be used in this project is a LCD
LM020L which has the following parameters
Power supply is +5V
Number of characters is 16character x 1line
Effective display area is (64.5width x 13.8 height)mm
Character size (5x7 dots) is (3.07width x
5.73height)mm



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DATA ANALYSIS
MICROCONTROLLER
From the PIC 16F87X data sheet, PIC 16F877 is
the best choice since it has a memory large
enough to store large data. It has an inbuilt
ADC, and it has many I/O ports.
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DATA ANALYSIS
Relay analysis
The d.c. resistance is 200 ohm ,its related voltage is 12V then
the collector current


Selecting transistor BC 108, Si,with Icmax=500mA ,Vcemax=45V
From the data sheet hfe=beta=240
Ptotal=0.5, gain=240 ,Ic=I=88.9ma

mA
R
V
Current lay 60
200
12
Re = = =
mA
B
Ic
Ib 37 . 0
240
9 . 88
= = =
Dar es Salaam Institute of
Technology Relay cont.
The Vout is 5V
Vbc = 0.65V




Therefore R is 10k
K
mA
V
Ib
Vbc V
R 756 . 11
37 . 0
) 65 . 0 5 ( 1
=

=
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RELAY CIRCUIT DIAGRAM BEFORE SIMULATION
RL1
12V D1
DIODE
R1
10k
B1
5V
Q1
BC108
D1(K) RL1(NO)
Dar es Salaam Institute of
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POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT BEFORE SIMULATION
VI
1
VO
3
G
N
D
2
U2
7805
C1
10u
B1
12V
R1
10k C2
100nF
+88.8
Volts
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POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT SIMULATION RESULTS
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THE COMPLETE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM BEFORE SIMULATION
RA0/AN0
2
RA1/AN1
3
RA2/AN2/VREF-
4
RA4/T0CKI
6
RA5/AN4/SS
7
RE0/AN5/RD
8
RE1/AN6/WR
9
RE2/AN7/CS
10
OSC1/CLKIN
13
OSC2/CLKOUT
14
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
16
RC2/CCP1
17
RC3/SCK/SCL
18
RD0/PSP0
19
RD1/PSP1
20
RB7/PGD
40
RB6/PGC
39
RB5
38
RB4
37
RB3/PGM
36
RB2
35
RB1
34
RB0/INT
33
RD7/PSP7
30
RD6/PSP6
29
RD5/PSP5
28
RD4/PSP4
27
RD3/PSP3
22
RD2/PSP2
21
RC7/RX/DT
26
RC6/TX/CK
25
RC5/SDO
24
RC4/SDI/SDA
23
RA3/AN3/VREF+
5
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
15
MCLR/Vpp/THV
1
U1
PIC16F877
X1
CRYSTAL
D
7
1
4
D
6
1
3
D
5
1
2
D
4
1
1
D
3
1
0
D
2
9
D
1
8
D
0
7
E
6
R
W
5
R
S
4
V
S
S
1
V
D
D
2
V
E
E
3
LCD1
LM020L
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
0 #
1 2 3
A
B
C
D
R5
10k
R6
10k
R7
10k
sensor
C1
10p
C2
10p
5
0
%
RV1
1k
Q1
BC108
R9
10k
RL1
12V
D1
DIODE
VI
1
VO
3
G
N
D
2
U2
7805
B1
12V
C3
10u
C4
1nF
R1
10k
B2
12V
B3
12V
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CIRCUIT SIMULATION BEFORE ENTERING NUMBER
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CIRCUIT SIMULATION AFTER ENTERING NUMBER
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CONCLUSION
The project has successfully taken an initial idea
of designing a prepaid water control circuit
system for water metering.
The project considered the possibility of having
a credit card with loaded data, however, there
is a failure in incorporating such credit card in
the system and the project ended only at circuit
designing.
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RECOMENDATION
The circuit can be improved in the future design
to include the security information such as a
unique identical serial control circuit number
intended to be used only for a given particular
control circuit.
During implementation, the control circuit
should be well protected from external
damages. It should be installed in a housing
and at least one meter from the ground.
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END OF PRESENTATION
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YOU
FOR
LISTENING.