In this picture, all the cells

look primitive, enlarged with

prominent nucleoli all the
way to the top, and there
are some mitosis on the top
instead of the basal layer.
This is an example of
carcinoma in situ.
 in this picture you can see the
transitional epithelium of the
bladder with a papillary
transitional cell carcinoma
and it’s low grade because
you just see multiple layers
but the nuclei are not that
pleomorphic

Low grade urothelial

carcinoma

High grade urothelial carcinoma

Anaplastic carcinoma
Anaplasia +
abnormal mitoses

In this picture you can see a high degree carcinoma and you can immediately
notice the differences in pleomorphism of nuclei and their large size with
dense dark chromatin and their irregular shapes and if you look carefully you
can see more mitosis.
This is an anaplastic carcinoma in which there are many layers of cells which
are not differentiating to any other types of cells.
Abnormal mitosis is another feature of anaplastic carcinoma in which there
are mitotic cells with many poles - multipolar
There are also tumor giant cells.
Adenoma - Thyroid

In this picture you can see an adenoma of thyroid gland which is well
defined and well circumscribed and it’s different from the normal tissue.
Adrenal adenoma
in this picture you can see a homogenous adenoma of the adrenal gland. The
homogenous surface is also useful in determining that this is a benign tumor
because in malignant tumor you see other changes such as necrosis and
hemorrhage.
Adenoma - Adrenal
 Dysplastic squamous epithelium

In this picture you can see the cervical epithelium with a sharp line between
the normal epithelium and the neoplasm. It’s carcinoma in situ because it has
not broken the basement membrane. It’s malignant but has not invaded yet. If
you scrip the normal epithelium the corneal layer with flat cells and picnotic
nuclei will come out while in the case of neoplasm, you’ll get cells with very
large nuclei, prominent nucleoli and may be mitosis, and that tells you that
this is malignant.
Uterine cervix – squamous cell carcinoma

This is what you expected to see. The lesion is ulcerating and it’s growing
outwards.
 Infiltrating squamous cell carcinoma

This is what you see under the microscope. You can recognize that the
growth is going deeper to the tissue so this is a carcinoma which is
invading the surrounding tissue and is accompanied with inflammatory
infiltrate.
Squamous cell
carcinoma – Cheek

Squamous cell carcinoma doesn’t only affect the uterus, it can also affect
the skin as you can see in this picture. There’s ulceration of skin in this
type of carcinoma
 Squamous cell carcinoma - Skin
You can see that the tumor is invading the surrounding tissue