Social Institutions

Social Institutions

Systematic way of doing things.

Established forms or conditions of procedure characteristics of group activity MacIver and Page

Social Institutions- Characteristics

Social in nature. Universal in nature.

Means of satisfying needs.

Controlling mechanism. Interrelated.

BASIC & SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS

Marriage Family Education Institution Economic Institution Political Institution Religious Institution Recreational Institution

Marriage

Marriage is a socially sanctioned union of male and female or as a secondary institution devised by society to sanction the union and matting of male and female for the purpose of

Establishing a house hold Procreating and Providing care for the off spring

Forms of Marriage

POLYGAMY

Polyandry

Fraternal polyandry Non Fraternal polyandry

Polygyny

Monogamy Experimental marriage Exogamy

Gotra Pravar Village - Pinda

Tribal Caste Class Sub-Caste - Race

Endogamy

Conti . . .

Polyandry: It is a form of marriage whereas one woman marries more than one man at a given time.This form of marriage is further divided into two as Fraternal polyandry and Non-fraternal polyandry. Fraternal Polyandry: It is a form of marriage whereas one woman marries more than one man at a given time those who are related as brothers by birth. Non-fraternal Polyandry: It is a form of marriage whereas one woman marries more than one man at a given time those who are not related as brothers by birth.

Conti . . .

Polygyny: It is a form of marriage in which one man marries more than one woman at a given time. This form of marriage is divided into two. Sororal Polygyny: It is a form of marriage wherein one man marries more than one woman at a given time those are related as sisters by birth. Non-Sororal Polygyny: It is a form of marriage wherein one man marries more than one woman at a given time those are not related as sisters by birth.

Conti . . . .

Monogamy: It is a form of marriage wherein one man marries one woman at a time. This is the leading form of marriage. Its advantages are now well recognized. It produces the highest types of affection and sincere devotion. Experimental Marriage: In this form of marriage a man and a woman may be allowed to lead marital life temporarily in order to find out if they can settle down permanently in matrimonial relations. If they find that they have compatible personality: they may enter into permanent marriage relations; otherwise depart from each other.

Six social functions of marriage

1. 2. 3.

4.
5.

6.

Marriage is the epicenter of the family law Regulation of sexual behaviour Reproduction Nurturance and protection of children Socialization Passing of the ascribed such as race

CONCEPT OF HINDU MARRIAGES (CONTD.,)

AIMS OF HINDU MARRIAGE

Religious Duty (Dharma) Progeny(Praja) and Conjugal Love (Rati)

1.

2.
3.

CHANGING CONCEPT OF MARRIAGE IN INDIA

Traditional concept of marriage is getting changed. Hindu marriage today has assumed the nature of a contract for the material benefit of the parties concern. Marriages are made in heaven old saying Today Marriages are fixed through matrimonialcolumns; matrimonial.com and internet chat.

Family

Family

Definitions

The biological social unit composed of husband, wife and children Eliot and Merrill Family is a more or less a durable association of husband and wife with or without children, or of a man or woman alone, with children - Ogburn and Nimkoff
A form of marriage and mating relationship A system of nomenclature An economic provision A common habitation

Characteristics of family

Family

Nature

Universality Emotional Basis Limited size Formative influence Nuclear position Responsibilities of the members Social regulation Permanent and Temporary

Family

Functions

Essential and Nonessential Essential functions are

Satisfaction of sexual need Production and rearing of children Provision of home Economic / Religious / Education Health services / Recreational functions Civic and Social functions Role of family in socialization

Nonessential functions are

Family

Types of family

Joint family

Nuclear family
Extended family

JOINT FAMILY

The family in India does not consist only of husband, wife and their children but also of uncles, aunts and cousins and grandsons. This system called Joint family or extended family system, is a peculiar characteristic of the Indian social life.

Characteristics of Joint Family:

Large Size. Joint Property. Common Residence. Cooperative Organization. Common Religion. A Productive Unit. Mutual Rights and Obligations.

Modern family

Features of modern family

Decreased control of the marriage contract Changes in relationship of man and woman Laxity in sex relationship Economic Independence Smaller family Decline in religious control Separation of non-essential functions Filocentirc family

Education Institution

Education is the basic activities of people in all human society The tern education derive from latin word Educare which literally means to bring up The idea of education is not merely to impart knowledge to the pupil in some subjects but to develop in him those habits and attitudes with which he may successfully face the future DEFINITION Brown & Roucek defines that education is the sum total of the experiences which moulds the attitudes and determines the conduct of both child and the adult

Different Aspects of Education Education as a social process Social Functions of Education Education and Social change

And Now, oppurtunities

Equality

in

educational

Economic Institutions
Man is not only a Social animal, he is an economic being it is possible to view economic system as the parent system, and analyze its constituent clusters of activities production, consumption and distribution Similarly it can be taken as a sub system also like work, occupatioon, property

Different Aspects

Different types of Economic system

Barter economy Guild System Family Industries Small Scale Large Scale MNC Corporate Economy Liberalization of Economy

Political System

Politics is essentially an ancient and universal experience

Politics is one if the unavoidable facts of human existence Ex: trade union, club, political party, civic associations..

Different types of system

Dictatorship or Democracy Different political parties Voting Behaviour

Religion

Man, the social animal, is also a religious or spiritual being. Religion is major concern of man. Its beginning is unknown. The institution of religion is universal. Religion revolves around mans faith in the supernatural forces. Religion closely related to morality

Definitions

Religion as we

understand the term, implies a relationship not merely between man and man but also between man and some higher power Maciver and Page.

Religion is an attitude towards superhuman powers - Ogburn

Components of Religion

Belief in supernatural forces Mans adjustment with the supernatural forces. Acts, defined as righteous, and sinful or sacred Some methods of salvation

Functions of Religion

Religious provides religious experience. Religion provides peace of mind.

Religion promotes social solidarity, unity and identity.

Religion conserves the values of life. Religion- as an agent of social control.

Functions of Religion

Religion promotes welfare. Religion provides recreation.

Religion explains individual suffering and helps to integrate personality. Religion enhances self-importance.

Dysfunctions of Religion

Religion inhibits protests and impedes social change. Hampers the adaptation of society to changed condition. Religion increases conflict and makes the evolution of realistic solutions more difficulty. Impedes the development of new identities. Religion may foster dependence and irresponsibility.

Recreational Institutions

Shift from Joint Family System towards Recreation Institutions

Theatre, clubs, parks.

Thank You