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PRESENTED BY:

GOPAL KRISHAN DIXIT

INTRODUCTION
In order to manufacture any product, it is necessary that materials either move one step of the manufacturing process to another or that operators to the materials. The most common practice of course, is to move the materials. This movement of materials from one processing area to another and from department to department necessitates the use of much manpower and the handling of tremendous tonnage of materials. It has been

estimated that : items are being worked on only 20% of the time
and 80% of the time the materials are either in storage or are moved.

INTRODUCTION

The handling of materials have always been an important factor in manufacturing. But only recently has attention been focussed on this problem with the view toward the improvement of equipment and methods and the reduction of manufacturing costs. There has been a growing realization of the magnitude of the problem and recognition of the high ratio of materials handling costs to other costs of manufacturing.

INTRODUCTION
The importance of the handling function is greater in those industries where the ratio of handling cost to the total processing cost is considerably more. Material handling presents one of the most potentially lucrative areas for improvement and reduction of costs. A properly designed and integrated material handling system

provides tremendous cost saving opportunities and customer


services improvement potential. The significant impact of material handling cost on total product cost has resulted in great deal of

attention and

substantial resources

being directed

towards

discovering more efficient methods to reduce handling costs.

MATERIAL HANDLING: Definition and Meaning


Material handling is the picking up d putting down, moving of materials and products in any plant or combination of plants, by any means, which includes storage and all movements except processing operations and consumption or end use of the material. In a broad sense material handling includes all movements of materials in manufacturing situation. I t has been defined by the American Material Handling Society as Material Handling is the art and science involving the movement, packaging, and storage of substances in any form .

So, we conclude that one accepted definition of scientific material handling can be given as Scientific material handling is the movement and storage of material at the lowest possible cost through the use of proper methods and equipment.

SCOPE OF MATERIAL HANDLING


The movement of materials with the lowest expenditure of time and effort is not only restricted to the industrial plant, but there is wide

application to the other fields of activities also.

Field of Activities : Industrial Material Handling. Transportation Industries. Merchandising And Ware Housing. Process Industries.

SCOPE OF MATERIAL HANDLING


(i) Industrial material handling :- The primary purpose of
materials movement in an industry is to provide an interrupted flow of materials to, through, and from the manufacturing processes. In spite of all the development that has taken place in this field, the

industry still has the greatest interest in the problem of moving and
storing materials and there is still a large scope for development in this field.

(ii) Transportation Industries :- The primary consideration of


the transportation industries is the movement of materials from one place to another. The major part of the total cost is the materials handling cost. More efficient movement of materials is

necessary for the growth of the industries concerned.

SCOPE OF MATERIAL HANDLING


Merchandizing and Ware hosing :- The cost of receiving. Processing, storing
and delivering of materials and products being sold forms a substantial part of the operating cost of modern merchandizing units. By introduction of efficient methods

for the movement and handling of these materials, restriction of gross operating
margin can be done.

The ware housing industry is almost entirely based upon the handling and
storage of materials . Many supplementary functions performed as part of the ware house service are based entirely upon efficient handling techniques. Even a small change in the handling costs is related to the existence of the ware house.

Process Industries:- In these industries the handling function is regarded as


one of the most important aspects. The entire manufacturing process might be build upon and designed around the handling system.

SYMPTOMS OF INEFFICIENT MATERIAL HANDLING


1. Back tracking in material flow path. 2. Built in hindrance to flow. 3. Cluttered aisles. 4. Confusion at the dock. 5. Disorganized storage. 6. Excess scrap. 7. Excessive handling of individual pieces. 8. Excessive manual effort. 9. Excessive walking. 10. Failure to use gravity. 11. Fragmented operations. 12. High indirect labour costs. 13. Idle machines. 14. Inefficient use of skilled labour.

15. Lack of cube storage.


16. Lack of part and supplies. 17. Long Hauls. 18. Material pilled up on the floor. 19. No standardization. 20. Over crowding. 21. Poor inventory control. 22. Product damage. 23. Repetitive Handling. 24. Service areas not conveniently located. 25. Trucks delayed or tied up. 26. Two man lifting job.

BENEFITS OF A PROPEERLY PLANNED MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM


1. 2. 3. 4. Reduce material handling time and indirect labour cost. Makes better use of the existing floor space and facilities. Increased plant capacity due to reduced manufacturing cycle time and faster movement of material. Increased volume of turnover.

5.
6. 7. 8. 9.

Reduced volume of work in process.


Improved inventory control. Reduced workers fatigue. Enable workers to work at a consistent level of productivity leading to higher wages fore the workers. Increased productivity of workers lowers, product cost and increases profit.

10. Eliminate accident potential and disruption of work. 11. Promote greater industrial safety. 12. Create a better working operating condition and environment through an

improvement in house keeping conditions.

BENEFITS OF A PROPEERLY PLANNED MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM


13. Afford better protection top materials being handled, reduced damage to the finished products
and work in process. 14. Facilitates material control. 15. Help the maintenance of quality standards.

16. Provide an uninterrupted flow of material leading to increased operating efficiency and higher
production. 17. Reduced cost of transportation. 18. Increased capacity of distribution transport. 19. Improved design of shipping and storage units. 20. Reduced loading costs at the shipping prices. 21. Reduced time or labour of the receiving pieces. 22. Conserved skilled productive labour. 23. Improved morale of workers.

LIMITATIONS AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM


Some of the possible disadvantages of mechanical handling system are :1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Additional capital investment. Loss off flexibility. Vulnerability of down time. Maintenance. Auxiliary equipment cost. Space and special building requirement. Part I A careful evaluation of the total benefits and limitation should be made, before one decides and go for any material handling project.

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