Computer

programming is the process of designing, writing, testing, debugging and maintaining the source code of computer programs. This source code is written in a programming language. The purpose of programming is to create a program that exhibits a certain desired behaviour. The process of writing source code often requires expertise in many different subjects, including knowledge of the application domain, specialized algorithms and formal logic.

Program designing, coding, & documentation. Designed program should be in machine readable form. Program translation linking & loading. Program testing & debugging. Performance testing & reformatting the data.

The first step in most formal software development projects is requirements analysis, followed by testing to determine value modeling, implementation, and failure elimination (debugging). There exist a lot of differing approaches for each of those tasks. One approach popular forrequirements analysis is Use Case analysis. Nowadays many programmers use forms of Agile software development where the various stages of formal software development are more integrated together into short cycles that take a few weeks rather than years. There are many approaches to the Software development process

Requirements analysis is the first step in the software development process. It encompasses those tasks that go into determining the needs or conditions to meet for a new or altered product, taking account of the possibility conflicting requirements of the various stakeholders, such as beneficiaries or users. Requirements must be documented , actionable, measurable, testable, related to identified business needs or opportunities.

Software design is a process of problem solving & planning for a software solution. A software design may be platform independent or platform specific, depending on the availability of the technology called for by the design.

 ABSTRACTION:

It is process of generlization,i.e, to retain information which is relevant for a particular purpose. REFINEMENT: It is the process of elaboration. In each step , one or several instructions of a given program are decomposed into more detailed instructions. ABSTRACTION & REFINEMENT ARE COMPLEMENTARY CONCEPTS. MODULARITY: Software architecture is divided into components called modules.

SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE: It refers to the overall structure of the software. A good software architecture will yield a good return on investment with respect to the desired outcome of the project. DATA STRUCTURE: It is a representation of the logical relationship among individual elements of data. INFORMATION HIDING: Modules should be specified & designed so that information contained within it is inacessible to other modules that have no need for such information.

Debugging is a very important task in the software development process, because an incorrect program can have significant consequences for its users. Some languages are more prone to some kinds of faults because their specification does not require compilers to perform as much checking as other languages. Use of a static analysis tool can help detect some possible problems.

Software testing is an investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the product. Software testing can also be stated as the process of validating & verifying that a software program: Meets the business & technical requirements that guided its designed & development; Works as expected; Can be implemented with the same characteristics.