WIND TURBINE

Wind Turbines convrt Kinetic Energy to Mechanical Energy.

First Electrical Generating Wind Turbine Was a Baterry Charging machine installed in 1887 by Scottish Academy James Blyth. Some Months later America Inventor Charles F Brush built 1st automatically operated Wind Turbine in Cleveland Ohio.

Modern Wind Turbines

Wind Farms

How much energy can we get from the wind.

Power available in the wind=.5*air density*swept area*(wind velocity cubed)

Air Density=1.23 kg per cubic meter at sea level

Swept Area =pi* r squared

2 foot blade=.609m

4 foot blade=1.219m

10 mph=4.4704 m/s

20 mph=8.9408m/s

Power of the wind from 2 foot and 10 mph wind= .5*1.23*3.14*.689 sqd*(4.4704 cubed) =.5*1.23*1.159*89.338 =63.7 watts Betz limit tells us that the maximum % of power we can harvest from wind is 59.26% So our maximum power from the turbine would be 37.7 watts

Wind Power Density

Its is the quantitiative measure of wind energy available at any location. It is calculated as the (Mean Annuler Power Available/Squre Meter of Swept Area). It is the measure of wind velosity and air density.

Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

Horizontal Wind Turbines are those turbes in which the Hub is along the axis of rotor axis or the tower. In this the main rotor shaft and the electric generator are mounted at the top of the tower and must be pointed into the wind. A gear box is also used in it to convert slower motion of turbine blades to higher rotation to run generator.

Horizontal wind turbines are further classified on the basis of type of generator being used

.
Synchronous generator
In this type of electrical

Asynchronous Generator
In this type of electrical

circuit the turbines are directly connected to the electrical grid.

circuit there is a varying out put so its out put is firstr passed through the rectifier and an invertor being passed to the electrical grid.

Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

Vertical wind turbines are those turbines in which t e main rotor shaft has been arranged vertically. These turbines are not to be pointed into the wind because of their improved aerodynamic design. Generator and gear box can be placed near the ground using direct drive from the rotor assembly to the ground based gear box, hense improvimg assesibility for maintenance.

Applications

Dominent in Wind Industry. Big Wind Applications. Wind Farms.

Small Wind Applications Home Elecricity Genenration

Advantges

More efficient Can produce more electricity from a given amount of wind Perpendicular blades so recieve more power Variable Pitch of blade so collect maximum amount of energy.

Produce well in tumultous wind conditions Powered from wind comming from all 360 deg. Wind from top to bottom Produce less noise Integrated into buildings

Disadvantges

Cant perform well in turbulent conditions Transportation and installation coeast 20% of equipment Signal clustering problems Additional yaw control mechanism

Low rotational speed with sosequently high torque Higher coast of drive train Dynamic loading on blade Just 30%efficiency can be achieved

Wind Turbine Spacing