CAD (Computer Aided Design)

CAD is an electronic tool that enables you to make quick and accurate drawings with the use of a computer. CAD involves creating computer models defined by geometrical parameters. These models typically appear on a computer monitor as a three dimensional representation of a part or a system of parts, which can be readily altered by changing relevant parameters.

CAD systems enable designers to view objects under a wide variety of representations and to test these objects by simulating real-world conditions.

CIM
CIM is the integration of
Computer in Product design Computer in process design Computer in Electronic design

CAD

Computer aided process planning Numerical control Group technology Automated storage retrieval and handling Computer aided testing and inspection Computer aided factory management Flexible manufacturing system

CAM

What is CAD?
Computer in the process design
Model that express the system behavior (dynamic)
Differential equation (physically based) Statistically models Time series models: output is function of the output previous values as well as the input present and previous values. Parameters of the system are changed until the system gives the appropriate response.

CAD Tools Required to Support the Design Process

Design phase Design conceptualization

Required CAD tools Geometric modeling techniques; Graphics aids; manipulations; and visualization Same as above; animation; assemblies; special modeling packages. Analysis packages; customized programs and packages. Customized applications; structural optimization. Dimensioning; tolerances; BOM; NC. Drafting and detailing

Design modeling and simulation Design analysis Design optimization Design evaluation Design communication and documentation

Computer-Aided Design Process

Two types of activities: synthesis and analysis Synthesis is largely qualitative and hard to capture on computer Analysis can be greatly enhanced with computers Once analysis is complete, design evaluation- rapid prototyping Software packages for design optimization
Design modeling, Simulation & Animation

Design Analysis

Design Optimization Size & Shape Design Evaluation Prototyping

Design Documentation

Scope of CAD
Presentations Flexibility Units and Accuracy levels Storage and access for drawings Sharing CAD drawings Project Reporting Engineering analysis CAM Add on programmes

CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing

CAM is the use of computer based software tools that assists engineers and machins in manufacturing or prototyping product components. CAM is a programming tool that makes it possible to manufacture physical models using computer aided design programs. CAM was first used in 1971 for car body design

What is CAM?
Computer aided process planning Numerical control (NC) Group technology Automated storage retrieval and handling Computer aided testing and inspection Computer aided factory management Flexible manufacturing system

CAM uses geometrical design data to control automated machinery. CAM system was associated with computer numerical control (CNC) or direct numerical control (DNC) systems.

The Manufacturing Process (CAM)

Process Planning
Production Planning Material Selection Design & Procurement of new Tools CNC Programming

Production

Quality Control

Packaging

The Product Cycle and CAD/CAM

CAD/CAM in an engineering environment and identify existing and future related tools, a study of a typical product cycle is necessary. The following Figure shows a flowchart of such a cycle

Typical Product Life Cycle

Design needs Design definitions, specifications, and requirements Collecting relevant design information and feasibility study

Design documentation and communication

Design evaluation

Design optimization

Design analysis

Design modeling and simulation

Design conceptualization

Production planning Design and procurement of new tools Order materials NC, CNC, DNC programming

The CAM Process

Production Quality control Packaging Shipping

Process planning

Marketing

Implementation of a Typical CAM Process on a CAD/CAM system

Geometric model Interface algorithms Process planning NC programs To shipping and marketing Inspection

Assembly

Packaging

Definitions of CAD/CAM Tools Based on Their Constituents

Mfg tools Design tools

CAD/CAM Geometric tools Networking modeling Computer graphics concepts

Advantages of CAD/CAM systems

Greater flexibility. Reduced lead times. Reduced inventories. Increased Productivity. Improved customer service. Improved quality. Improved communications with suppliers.

Better product design. Greater manufacturing control. Supported integration. Reduced costs. Increased utilization. Reduction of machine tools. Less floor space.

Continuous flow processes

Example: oil refineries and chemical plants automation has reached a very high state of development.
Sensors measure critical process variables in real time and feed the measurement back to the control computer. The computer exercises an on-line optimization to determine any needed adjustments in the controlled process components.

Human interaction in continuous flow processes.

The process is fully automated with human monitoring the process in a control room containing readouts of the process variables and parameter settings.

Mass Production of discrete items

Ex: Automobile components. Usually called flow lines or transfer lines. Many special machines arranged sequentially. Work parts are transferred automatically from one machines to another. The machine performs their operations automatically. Ex: Robot welding, painting, parts handling and so on. Automated flow lines are flexible Through the use of computer and flexible manufacturing system

Software Providers Today

The largest CAM software companies (by revenue 2005) are UGS Corp (now owned by Siemens and called Siemens PLM Software, Inc) and Dassault Systmes, both with over 10% of the market. CAMWorks (From Geometric Ltd) is the first CAM package with Automatic Feature Recognition Technology,PTC, Hitachi Zosen and Delcam have over 5% each. while Planit-Edgecam, Tebis, TopSolid, CATIA, CNC (Mastercam), SolidCAM, DP Technology's ESPRIT, OneCNC, and Sescoi between 2.5% and 5% each. The remaining 35% is accounted for by other niche suppliers like T-FLEX,Dolphin CAD/CAM, MecSoft Corporation , SurfCAM, BobCAD, Metamation, GibbsCAM,and SUM3D .

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lower mfg. cost higher product quality improved prod. control better responsiveness reduced inventory increased flexibility small lot capability other

Expected Benefits of CIM

CIM Wheel - 1985

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CAD and CAM

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