Data

Differences between primary & secondary datPresentation

Presenter
Samta soni Lecturer, college of Nursing, jaipur

Primary data
It is original because investigator himself collect the data. It involves large expenses in terms of time ,energy,& money Positive suitability if corrected in systemic manner No extra precautions need to be taken in making use of this data

secondary data
It is not original. the investigator make use of the data collected by other agencies. It is relatively a less costly method It may or may not be suit the objective of survey or problem It should be used with care

 Method of collecting primary data

1.Direct personal investigation -Interview -observation 2.Indirect oral investigation -inquiry committees -commissions 3.Informations from local agents 4.Mailed questionaire

 Secondary data collection

-Sources Census Registration of vital events Sample registration system Notification of diseases Hospital records Epidemiological surveillance Survey

 Presentation of data Tabulation

Diagrammatic & graphical

 Tabulation
Definition

The process of placing classified data into tabular form is known as tabulation.

 The logical and systematic organization of statistical data in rows and coloumns.it is designed to simplify presentation and facilitate analysis.
Rows are horizontal arrangements whereas columns are vertical arrangements

 Objectives of tabulation
To clarify the object of investigation To simplify complex data To depict trend To economize space To clarify the characteristics of data

Components of table
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1.table no Title of the table Caption Stubs Body Head note Foot note Source note

Rules for tabulation

Table must be numbered. Brief and self explanatory title mustbe given to each table The heading of coloumns ,rows must be clear,sufficient ,concise and fully defined The data must be presented according to size of importance ,chronologically or alphabetically

Rules for tabulation

Table should not be too large Figures needing comparison should be placed as near/close as possible Arrangement should be vertical The classes should be clearly defined. The classes should be of equal width. open ended classes should be avoided as far as possible

 Comparison of diagram and tables

Diagrams and Graphs are meant for a lay man. Tables are meant for statisticians for the purpose of further analysis. Diagrams give only an approximate idea. Tables contain precise figures. Exact values can be read from tables.

 Comparison of diagram and tables

Diagrams can be more easily compared, and can be interpreted by a layman. Comparison and interpretations of tables can only be done by statisticians and it is a difficult task. Diagrams and graphs cannot present much information. Tables can present more information. Diagrams are more attractive and have a visual appeal. Tables are dry for a layman ( may be attractive to a statistician.)

 Types of tabulation
Simple Tabulation or One-way Tabulation: When the data are tabulated to one characteristic, it is said to be simple tabulation or one-way tabulation. For Example: Tabulation of data on population of world classified by one characteristic like Religion is example of simple tabulation.

 Double Tabulation or Two-way Tabulation: When the data are tabulated according to two characteristics at a time. It is said to be double tabulation or two-way tabulation. For Example: Tabulation of data on population of world classified by two characteristics like Religion and Sex is example of double tabulation.

 Complex Tabulation: When the data are tabulated according to many characteristics, it is said to be complex tabulation. For Example: Tabulation of data on population of world classified by two characteristics like Religion, Sex and Literacy etcis example of complex tabulation.

 Thanks