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Presentation made at the WIPO-CSIR Workshop on Licensing and Technology Transfer; New Delhi; India, July 4-8, 2005
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YESTERYEARS
TODAY
RESEARCH MODELS
TOMORROW.
TODAY
YESTERYEARS
DOWNSTREAM RESEARCH
UPSTREAM RESEARCH
Typically Applications Typically Conceptual Private Funded Institutions State Funded Institutions Targeted End Points Open-Ended Knowledge Generation Optimized use of Public Domain Enrichment of Public Domain Knowledge Value Addition as measure of knowledge Credits: Enhanced Peer Recognition competitive edge Profits,Market dominance Proprietary Issues p.ganguli2001
YESTERYEARS
TOMORROW
RESEARCH MODELS
TODAY MIDSTREAM Partial Funding By Private Enterprises in Upstream Research Issues on knowledge Flow Benefits Sharing Publications Research Schemes, Peer Group Recognition etc. Free use by Funding Agency?? Diffused Ownership!!
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YESTERYEARS
TODAY
RESEARCH MODELS
TOMORROW.
TURBULENCE RAPIDS
Blurring of boundaries between Upstream & Downstream Research Overlap between disciplines Quantification of Ownership Formalized benefit Sharing by Partners Overlapping Claims by different owners Challenges to Ownership Criteria Anti competition or Monopolistic p.ganguli2001 Issues
IRP Multi-tier innovation process Optimized use of global knowledge base Intra-Enterprise resources Extra-Enterprise inputs Global/National licensing issues Intricate exclusive/non-exclusive benefits Sharing Organizational frameworks for rapid diffusion of innovation to business
Sociology of Technology
Organization of technology Best Practices and Value Chain of the Business is difficult to transfer Cooperative governance in the innovation process Small Suppliers to Big Companies very effective systems. National Technology Mission
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Enterprise Networking
Expertise Centres
Large Enterprises
SME
SME
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Total Filings
4461369
3434628 1965487
1595950
First Filings
721657 826572 751046
624495 593882
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Ref: Intellectual Property Rights.. Unleashing the Knowledge Economy P. Ganguli ( Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 2001)
PGI 1.69
PGI = (Total Number of Patents Filed Worldwide) - (Number of First Filings Worldwide) (Number of First Filings Worldwide)
Ref: Intellectual Property Rights.. Unleashing the Knowledge Economy P. Ganguli ( Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 2001)
A decade of changes
Enabling national policies and incentive schemes to encourage R&D, technology development and transfer Growth of financial institutions Moving into the new IPR Paradigm Maturing of the IPR infrastructure Several national agencies including industry associations providing IPR awareness and facilitation programmes International agencies getting involved in developmental activities at grass roots.. e,.g. UNIDO Projects, NGOs, WIPO and others.
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Developments in India
Moving into strong IPR Regime in a phased manner during the last 35 years while growing its infrastructure and economy. IPR is now a necessity to give its economy the required competitive edge
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Provide necessary autonomy and freedom of functioning for all academic and R&D institutions so that an ambience for truly creative work is encouraged, while ensuring at the same time that the science and technology enterprise in the country is fully committed to its social responsibilities and commitments
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.. Salient features
Salient Features
Support innovation in all its aspects through a comprehensive national system of innovation covering science and technology as also legal, financial and other related aspects Set in mechanisms to achieve synergy between industry and scientific research by creation of Autonomous Technology Transfer Organizations as associate organizations of universities and national laboratories to facilitate transfer of the know-how generated to industry Encourage scientists and technologists to transfer the know-how generated by them to the industry and be a partner in receiving the financial returns Encourage Industry to financially adopt or support educational and research institutions, fund courses of interest to them, create professional chairs etc. to help direct S&T endeavours towards tangible industrial goals
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Research and Development by Industry (RDI) consisting of: In-house R&D in industry R&D by Scientific and Industrial Research Organisations (SIROs) Fiscal Incentives for Scientific Research
Programme Aimed at Technological Self-Reliance (PATSER) consisting of: Development of new or improved technologies. Development of special/custom built capital goods. Scheme to Enhance the Efficacy of Absorption and adaptation of Transfer of Technology (SEETOT) imported technology. consists of: Studies and interactions National Register of Foreign concerning technology evaluation Collaborations (NRFC) and pre-industry feasibility of Transfer and Trading in major sectors/products. Technology (TATT) Technopreneur Promotion Promotion and Support to Programme. Consultancy Services (PSCS) including Consultancy International Cooperation Development Centre (CDC) Chart 3
National IPR Facilitating Centers National Research Development Council (NRDC) Partnering innovators, entrepreneurs, institutions to protect their innovations in India and abroad and also help to commercialise their IPR Technology Information and Forecasting Cell (TIFAC) Facilitating patent searches, funding and facilitating filing of patents, partnering in commercialisation of IPR National Innovation Fund Working with grass-root innovators to protect their innovations and also to facilitate technology transfer/ IPR commercialisation Technology Incubation Programme DST Funded incubation centers set up to facilitate entrepreneurship development and IPR development and transfer
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LESSONS
Identification of relevant problem Investments by private industry in their R&D labs Active link and utilising facilities and expertise in Publicly Funded Institutions and Government Authorities Speedy science to development process/product technology for commercial venture.
Exploring global partners for the steps role of international organisations?, governments?, transnational companies? pganguli2003
Government
Constitute integrated single window National IPR Commission National IPR literacy Mission Thrust Development of competition law as balancing positive measures to control overuse of misuse of IPR. Exploit geographical indicators to national advantage.
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Government
Re-structure the judiciary & enforcement machinery for professional and speedy response to IPR issues Introduce enabling National Taxation Policy to encourage IPR trade. Networks for protection of grass root innovation and innovators
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Government
Easy and cost effective access to IPR information. Set-up IPR training institutes to prepare technically qualified attorneys Urgently modernize the IPR Administrative Set-ups in the country Establishment of IPR facilitating centres in the country.
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Institutional IPR Policy s Integrating IPR into institutional mission, strategy & project management s Effective Use of IPR information and international alliances s Identifying areas of possible infringements s Licensing strategy s Policing of institutional IP assets s Litigation strategy s IPR audit s Effective utilisation of International Conventions.
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