THERMOPLASTICS

Linear or branched structures, generally amorphous or semicrystalline. Weak van der waals in between polymer chains They can be readily soften on heating and stiffen again on cooling Examples PE, PVC, PVA, PP, PS, PTFE

THEMOSETTING POLYMERS
Strong Cross linked 3D structure, hard, strong, brittle and insoluble in any solvent Made in two stages, they cannot be remoulded or reused Examples PF, UF, MF.

POINTS TO PONDER
PREPARATION
Prepared by condensation polymerization of 40%aqueous formaldehyde with urea in neutral or acidic conditions. Result is mono and dimethylol urea, further condensation reaction gives linear, partially cross or fully linked polymer.

PROPERTIES
They are clear, colourless ,hard material Have excellent abrasion resistance, good adhesive characteristics. Have better tensile strength and hardness as compared to phenolic resin Possess good chemical resistance and electrical insulation Show resistance to solvents, greases and moisture

USES OF UF
Used for finshing of cotton textiles Improves the wet strength of paper in paper industry Used as adhesive for plywood and furniture industry Used in manufacture of of buttons, bottle caps, surgical items etc

POINTS TO PONDER
PREPARATION STEP1: formation of methylol derivative STEP2: acid catalyst P/F>1) methylol derivatives condense with phenol to
give dihydroxy diphenyl methane(I) which on further condensation form NOVOLACS(II) Base catalyst P/F<1) methylol phenols can condense either through methylene or ether linkages to form RESOLS(III).

STEP3: Novolac is converted into 3D cross linked structure of BAKELITE. This process is called moulding and hexamethylenetetramine is used. Resol is heated in either neutral or just acidic conditions to give cross linked product RESITE.

PROPERTIES
Hard rigid and infusible solid mass. Have excellent heat , moisture, scratch and water resistance. They are pinkish-brown solids and can stand high temperatures. Possess electrical insulating character.

USES OF PF
Used for making telephone radio automobile parts, switches, plugs, switch boards Used as adhesive for brake lining, grinding wheels etc Used for making varnishes, paints, decorative laminates, wall coverings. Used in production of ion exchange resins.

POINTS TO PONDER
Polymer of ethene, prepared by addition polymerization, is of two types:

Low density polyethene

Prepared by free radical polymerization of ethylene monomer at high pressureof 1000 to 5000 atm and at 250C. PROPERTIES: melts at 110-125C, is 40-50% crystalline. low density, non polar hence insulator, is transparent and slightly flexible Resistant to moisture, moderate tensile strength and chemically inert

USES :
used as insulation of cables and wires For manufacture of squeeze bottles, films for general packaging, toys and domestic appliances.

HIGH DENSITY POLYETHENE PREPARATION:

polymerizing ethylene at 60-200C, 6-7 atm pressure in presence of zeiglar netta catalyst in an inert solvent Using CrO3 and silica as catalyst, 35atm pressure and 60-200C temperature

PROPERTIES:
Density 0.95-0.97g/cm3, %crystallinity 80-90%, softening temperature 145-150C Excellent chemical and moisture resistant, high tensile strength, insulator Free from toxicity and odour Has low amorphous zones hence low water and gas permeability

USES OF HDPE:
Used for gas and water piping Used to wrap food products as chemically inert Due to high tensile strength is used for making buckets and overhead tanks

POINTS TO PONDER
Also known as koroseal. Is of 2 types rigid and plasticised PVC

PREPARATION:
Free radical addition polymerization of vinyl chloride in presence of benzoyl chloride initiator, polymerization is carried out by emulsion technique under pressure in an autoclave.

PROPERTIES:
High interchain attraction, polymer is hard and stiff, high softening point(148C) Colourless, odourless, inflammable, chemically inert. Oil resistance, resistance to weathering, glass transition 80C. Soluble in cyclohexane and tetrahydrofuran.

USES OF RIGID PVC:

Used in building industry, making pipes, bottles for consumable and household liquids Used in place of wooden windows, rain wears, shoes etc Used in acid recovery plants, handling hydrocarbons

USES OF PLASTICISED PVC

Used for insulating electric wires Used for making rain coats, baby pants, garden hoses For making leather cloth for car kitchen upholstery, bathroom curtains, handbags

POINTS TO PONDER
PREPARATION:
Prepared by free radical emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate monomer in the presence of benzoyl peroxide catalyst in an autoclave under pressure

PROPERTIES:
Clear, transparent, soft, sticky, amorphous polymer soluble in organic solvents Low glass transition temperature, becomes gum like when masticated

USES OF PVA:
Used for bonding papers, leathers and textiles Making chewing gums, surgical dressings, finishing textiles and fabrics Used in adhesives, lacquers and water based emulsion paints

Vaibhav

Thank you