Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
• Business Environment
• Maritime Industry
• History, Culture and other matters
Vietnam – a quick glance
Total area: 329,560 sq km
Land: 325,360 sq km
Water: 4,200 sq km
Land boundaries:
Total: 4,639 km
Border countries: Cambodia 1,228 km,
China 1,281 km, Laos 2,130 km
Coastline: 3,444 km (excludes islands)
Population: 83,535,576 (July 2005 est.) – male:
49%, female: 51%
59 provinces (tỉnh) and 5 municipalities (Ha Noi – thủ
đô, Ho Chi Minh, Hai Phong, Da Nang, Can Tho –
thành phố)
Source: CIA The World Factbook (
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/vm.html)
Subjective Opinions
• Tend to Follow China in terms of policies,
structures, strategies
• Highly Imitative on China’s Developments,
usually a step behind
• On surface, two wings: supporting China
(older) vs. supporting U.S.A. (younger) but
the China supporter is more powerful
• Complicated Informal Structure: unclear
decision making level. Stipulated from
behind by many retired leaders -> Who is
the most powerful decision maker?
Business Environment
• Recent milestones.
• State Owned Enterprises (SOE).
• Legal framework.
• Business practices.
• Private Sector.
• Others.
Recent Milestones
• 1986: Reformation process – “Doi Moi”
in Vietnamese.
• 3rd Feb. 1994: Removal of U.S.A.
embargo.
• 1995: Became member of ASEAN and
AFTA.
• 2001: Bilateral Trade Agreement with
U.S.A.
• 2006: may be WTO member.
State Owned Enterprises
• Long established: after independent from
French, following Soviet Union model
• 1994: reduce half of 6,264 SOEs
• 1995: Law on SOEs enacted and enable
them to do business freely with others
including foreign partners
• Ownership Transformation Process: known
as equitization (insider privatization,
similar to Chinese)
SOEs (cont.)
• Ownership & Management come
from engineers and technicians
• lack of management, leadership
skills
• On average: state holds 46%
equitized enterprises, employees
38%, outsiders 15%.
• Only 20 equitized enterprises with
foreign ownership
3 Types of SOEs We Should
Know
• Originated from Decisions No. 90 and
No. 91
– General Corporations 91: report to
Office of Government. General Director
is appointed directly by the PM
– General Corporation 90: report to line
Ministries. Director is appointed by the
respective Ministers
– Corporation under provincial
governments.
Legal Framework -
Weaknesses
• Weak, complicated, uncompleted,
unpredictable legal system.
• Lack some legal concepts.
• Many backdoors, different
interpretations
• Try to construct many laws, codes
due to WTO pressure.
Office of Government
Ministry Of
Transport
Vinamarine
BUT
•
Maritime Industry Vinalines
•
Vinashin
Vinamarine (like MPA)
– Constructing and executing strategies, master
plans, projects
– Constructing and executing rules, regulations,
standards, procedures, …
– Controlling ports, access channels, anchoring
areas
– Controlling registry of seamen, educating and
training for seaman
– Maritime safety and environment anti pollution
– Managing investment projects
Vinalines
– Containing almost all state owned lines,
major ports, maritime services,…. in
Vietnam.
– Doing business in many fields, whether
maritime related or not i.e. maritime
transport, land transport, forwarder, oil
transport, construction, ..
Vinalines
• Shipping lines
– Vosco
– Vitranschart
– Vinaship •JV
– Falcon –Gematrans
– Nosco –Cosfi
– Vanlang –Vinabridge
– Dongdo –Vijaco
• Port –Transvina
– Hai Phong
– Saigon
–Phili-Orient Lines
– Quang Ninh
– Dangng •Stock Company
• Maritime Service –Viconship
– Vosa –Gemadept
– Inlaco –Marina
– Marine Consult –SAFI
– Marine Supply
– Iseco
– SPTS
Vinashin
– Containing major shipyards in Vietnam
– Doing business in many fields:
shipbuilding, transportation, consultant,
import & export …
Other Tanker Owners (SOE &
offshoots)
• VITACO: 90.112 DWT (30% of Petrolimex –
15% national demand)
• AULAC: 33.560 DWT (for Petec, Petechim,
Saigon Petro - 07% national demand)
• VTXD THUY 1: 70.248 DWT (20% of
Petrolimex – 10% national demand)
• VOSCO, CUU LONG, VINASHIN and OTHER
domestic lines: 3% national demand
Petroleum transportation for
domestic consumption - Market
share
• History:
– Country of Wars
– 111 BC - AD 939: Chinese
Domination (1000 years)
– 1858-1954: French
colonization
– 1954-1975: North-South war
(American backed in the
South)
– 1975: North-South
Reunification
–
CULTURE
• Strongly influenced by Chinese
ideologies and religious
beliefs, namely Confucianism,
Taoism and Buddhism.
• Added some Western elements
to the traditional Vietnamese
culture
• Vietnamese is not Chinese
• Some People Don’t like China,
Others hate. Do not confuse
Vietnamese with Chinese.
Always consider China as
Biggest INVADER
SOCIAL VALUES
• Family-Centred individual
life & Backbone of society
• Respect to people senior in
age, status & position
• Confucian emphasis on
hierarchy of relationships
and collectivism
• Tendency to hide feelings,
avoid conflicts and reject
confrontation
• Avoid physical contact
between opposite sexes,
Hugging or kissing in
greetings is not usual
• Self-respect and saving face
Social Practices
• Not offensive in Vietnamese
culture to ask personal
questions
• Vietnamese are quiet and
attentive
• Good at memorizing and
following directions
• Shy away from oral skills
• Unfamiliar with body language
• May not look in the eyes of
others, do not use hand gesture
• Rely on printed information,
and regard the mentor as the
complete source of knowledge.
• Unfamiliar with group working,
prefer to work independently
Religion
• Many religions: Buddhist,
Christian, Protestant,
Muslim, and other local
religion e.g. Cao Dai, Hoa
Hao…
• Government controls
religions very strictly,
accept all kinds of
religions only on the
surface
• Hostile policy against
Protestant and some
local religions