Hymes

The ability to interpret messages and negotiate meaning within specific contexts.

Savignon
A learners communicative competence is defined as expression, interpretation, and negotiation of meaning involving interaction between two or more persons or between one person and a written or oral text

Grammatical Competence

Lexical items Morphology Syntax Semantics Phonology

Sociocultural rules Understanding social context Sociolinguistic Competence

Strategic Competence Verbal/nonverbal strategies to compensate for breakdowns due to performance variables or insufficient competence

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Discourse Competence

Ability of connecting sentences Intersentential Relationships

REMEMBER Sociolinguistic Locutionary act: Performance of an utterance Competence Grammatical Its cold in here. Competence Illocutionary act: Intended meaning [The windows is open. So I should close it.] Organizational Competence Consequences of the utterance Pragmatic Competence Perlocutionary act: (whether intended or not) [Someone closes the window.] Textual Illocutionary (Discourse) Competence Competence Language Competence

Knowledge Structures (of the world)

Language Competence

Strategic Competence

Psychophysiological Mechanisms

Context of Situation

Purposes we accomplish with language:

1- Instrumental 2- Regulatory 3- Representational 4- Interactional 5- Personal 6- Heuristic 7- Imaginative

Certain events happen Particular conditions change Control of events Setting rules Conveying facts and knowledge Representing reality as it is To establish & maintain contact Knowledge of slang, jargon, jokes To express feelings and emtions Seeking answers (usually in the form of questions) To create ideas and imaginations Going beyond the real world

Go out!
If its not cold, stay outside.

Yoghurt is white! Whats up dude?!!

Oh dear! I feel so blue today!

Where do babies come from?!!!

Love is metaphysical gravity.

Notional-Functional syllabuses

Notion is referred both to abstract concepts such as existence, space, time, quantity and quality

Functions correspond to what we already talked about Language Functions i.e. instrumental, representational, etc.

Attention Getting Topic Nomination Topic Development Turn Taking Clarification Repair

Its the first rule that children learn. Speakers do it after securing hearers attention. Speakers do it after securing hearers attention.
Set of culturally oriented rules to communicate properly. Is usually manifested in forms of Heuristic functions. From indirect signals to outright corrections (strategic competence) They are effected through verbal and nonverbal signals.

Shifting and Avoidance

Interruptions
Topic Termination

They are a form of attention getting.

Its an art of finishing the conversation which is hard even for native speakers!

Say only as much as necessary.

Say only what is true.

Say only what is relevant.

Be clear!

Naturally occuring discourses, usually written, across different language and cultures.

Sociopragmatics

Pragmalinguistics

The interface between pragmatics and social organization.

The intersection of pragmatics and linguistic forms.

e.g. American: What an unusual necklace. Its beautiful. Samoan: Please take it!

e.g. Tu and vous in French. In English theres only you for both formal and informal. But in French they use plural you to address an individual politely.

Language and Gender

Girls produce more standard language than boys. Men Interrupt more than women. Men and women use different syntactic and phonological variants.

Sets of conventions for selecting words, phrases discourse, and nonverbal language in specified contexts.

ORATORICAL Style

The language of speaking for a large audience. There may be some interactions sometimes. DELIBERATIVE Style

The language of speaking for a larger audience in which the magnitude of the crowed doesnt let interaction.

CONSULTATIVE Style

A formal dialog with careful choice of words, such as a doctor-patient conversation. CASUAL Style

Language of friends, colleagues, and family members. Complete absence of social inhibitions usually between very close friends.

INTIMATE Style

Kinesics Artifacts

Kinesthetics

Eye Contact
Proxemics Olfactory

Thanks a lot for your attention.