Water Chemistry

The Water Molecule

A water molecule is a
polar because there is an uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

The Water Molecule

Because of their
partial positive and negative charges, water molecules can attract each other. Water molecules bind to one another by hydrogen bonds .

Water Properties
Cohesion Adhesion Universal solvent Ability to stabilize air and land temperature 5. Ability to expand 6. Ability to allow organisms to get rid of excess heat 1. 2. 3. 4.

1. Cohesion
Cohesion an
attraction between molecules of the same substance.
Because of hydrogen bonding, water is extremely cohesive. Waters cohesion causes molecules on the surface of water to be drawn inward.

Cohesion

Water Strider: Cohesion is responsible for enabling this water strider to rest on the waters surface.

2. Adhesion
Adhesion an attraction
between molecules of different substances.

The surface of the water in the graduated cylinder dips slightly in the center because the adhesion between water molecules and glass molecules is stronger than the cohesion between water molecules.

Penny For Good Luck

1. How many drops of water did you place on the penny before they began to fall off?

2. What property of water was shown in this demonstration?

Wax, Water and Detergent

1. Describe the shape of the drop. 2. What happens to the drop of water when it is poked with a toothpick? 3. What happens to the drop of water when it is poked with a toothpick that contains detergent? Explain why this may have occurred?

Can Paperclips Float?

1. Why does the paperclip float if you place it gently on the surface? 2. What happens to the paperclip when the detergent is added? Explain why this may have occurred?

3. Universal Solvent
Water is the most
abundant chemical in all cells.
Water makes up about 2/3 of your body.

Water plays many

important roles in cells.

Universal Solvent
Water dissolves chemicals that cells need. Most chemical reactions within cells could
not take place without water.
What happens to sugar when water is added?

Solution Demonstration
1. Is there any evidence that the sugar dissolved in the water? 2. Did the sugar and water chemically combine? Explain why or why not.

Universal Solvent
Solute the
substance that is dissolved.
Example: Sugar

Solvent the

substance in which the solute dissolves.

Example: Water

Mixture Solution
1. Did the pepper dissolve in the salt? 2. Did the salt dissolve in the pepper? 3. Did the salt and pepper chemically combine? Explain why or why not?

4. Ability To Stabilize Air And Land Temperature

The unequal heating of Earths surface
drives winds and ocean currents, which transport heat throughout the biosphere. Ocean currents warm or cool the air above them, this affecting the weather and climate of nearby landmasses.

5. Ability To Expand
Water expends as it freezes .
Ice is less dense than liquid water; therefore, ice floats on the surface of lakes and rivers. If the ice sank to the bottom, it would be disastrous for fish and plant life.

6. Ability To Evaporate
The human body has 5 million sweat
glands, which give off water. Does loss of water through the skin help the body?
YES! The water loss is one way the body cools itself. Water moving onto the skin from sweat glands evaporate , which cools the skin.