Core Module Power Point Core - ch16 - Eng

Computer and Information Technology for (HKCEE) Core Module
16.1Occupational Safety
16.2Environmental Issues of Computer Equipment
16.3Computer Viruses
16.4Securing Internet Transactions
16.5Cashless Society
16.6The Knowledge-Based Society and
Globalisation
16.7Impacts of Upcoming Technologies
Computer and Information
Technology for (HKCEE)
Core module: Part E
16.1 Occupational Safety

Ergonomics
science of suiting the workplace environment to
the user
Computer-related diseases
Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS)
Repetitive Stress Injuries (RSI)
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Core module: Part E

Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS)
appear when using computer for a prolonged
period of time
symptoms
dry / irritated eyes
blurry vision
headaches
preventions
incorporate rest periods in each workday
use glare screens
use a stand to hold hard copies
Core module: Part E

Repetitive Stress Injuries (RSI)
appear after repeating the same physical
movements for a long time
Prevention of RSI
5 minutes break for every hour of work
stretch muscles

Core module: Part E

Ergonomic devices
Goal: provide comfort, efficiency and safety in
workplaces
ergonomic mouse ergonomic keyboard

Core module: Part E
Well-designed
work area
35 to 6
0 cm
viewing angle
• Elbows at 90º 20º to the centre
of screen
• Arms and
hands parallel
keyboard height
depend on height
adjustable
of user
backrest
adjustable seat
feet flat on floor
adjustable height
chair with 5 legs

Core module: Part E

Job stress
harmful physical and emotional responses
occur when requirements of job do not match the
capabilities of workers

Core module: Part E
16.2 Environmental Issues of

Computer Equipment
Computer technology
cause more pollution problems than benefit to
environment

Core module: Part E
16.2.1 Computer Waste

Toxic materials found in a computer
Hexavalent chromium
steel plate
Phosphor
coat to CRT face plate
Barium
front panel of CRT
Plastic
Lead
CRT display
Core module: Part E

Hexavalent chromium Plastics

steel plate
Lead Beryllium
circuit board motherboards
and connectors
Mercury
flat panel displays, Cadmium
switches and printed
wiring boards
Core module: Part E

Plastics

Core module: Part E

Electronic waste
world’s fastest growing waste
problem
Useful life of a computer
current life is 3 to 5 years
reduce to 2 years by 2005

Core module: Part E

Traditional treatment of computer
landfill
leaching to water sources
incineration
toxic gas emissions
open burning
acid baths
toxic dumping

Core module: Part E
16.2.2 Benefits of Reuse and Recycling

1. Extend the useful life of computers
2. Provide opportunities for people who cannot
afford new computer
3. Keep electronic waste out of landfills
4. Conserve natural resources
5. Supply renewed products

Core module: Part E
16.3 Computer Viruses

Computer virus
corrupt a computer system
replicate itself to infect other computer systems
Types of computer viruses
e-mail viruses
worms
Trojan horses

Core module: Part E

E-mail viruses
replicates itself by automatically mailing itself to
people in victim’s e-mail address book
infect computers through attachments

Core module: Part E

How a virus spread through an email message
B’s e-mail C@abc.com
address D@abc.com
book E@abc.com C’s computer
D’s computer
A’s computer B’s computer
E’s computer

Core module: Part E

Worm
software that uses computer networks and
security holes to replicate itself
Trojan horse
a program in which harmful code is contained in
apparently harmless program
enter the computer without notice
hackers can view and steal file inside computer if
infected

Core module: Part E

How can we avoid virus attacks?
Do not accept files from high-risk sources
unchecked floppy disk
CD-ROMs
unknown downloaded files
Install antivirus software with regular updates
Scan the computer before run it
Backup the program and files constantly
Update password constantly

Core module: Part E

Antivirus software
determine whether
files are infected
disinfect the disk if
necessary
scan for virus
signatures
regular updates for
detecting new viruses

Core module: Part E
16.4 Securing Internet Transactions

Four requirements of secure Internet
transactions
authentication
an entity proves its identity to another entity
non-repudiation
both sender and receiver cannot deny the message
after transaction
confidentiality
no message is leaked out during transaction
data integrity
message sent and received are unaltered
Core module: Part E

Core module: Part E

Encryption
convert readable data into unreadable characters
prevent unauthorised access
Decryption
convert unreadable data into readable characters
encryption
LONGMAN MNOLNAG
decryption

Core module: Part E

Some encryption process uses
algorithm
mathematical formula
encryption key
a string of numbers and characters
secure to have longer key

Core module: Part E

Private key encryption
Both sender and recipient use the same key to
encrypt and decrypt data
sender recipient
private key private key
(encryption) (decryption)
Internet
plaintext ciphertext ciphertext plaintext

Core module: Part E

Public key encryption
Sender uses recipient’s public key to encrypt data
Recipient decrypts the data with private key
sender recipient
public-key
server private key
public key (encryption) (decryption)
Internet
plaintext ciphertext ciphertext plaintext

Core module: Part E

Digital Certificate
guarantee that a user
is legitimate
also called public-key
certificate
issued and verified by
Certificate Authority
(CA)

Core module: Part E

Components of a digital certificate
name
public key
expiration date
issuing CA’s name and signature
serial number of the certificate

Core module: Part E

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
protocol providing secure data transmission via
the Internet
included as part of Netscape and Microsoft
browsers
obtain confidential information from commercial
web sites
web address starts with https://

Core module: Part E

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

Core module: Part E

Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)
e-mail encryption programs
freeware for non-commercial users

Core module: Part E

Digital Signature
digital code attached to a message to verify the
origins and contents of a message
public key method
senders encrypt digital signature by their private key
receivers use sender’s public key to decrypt digital
signature
receivers generate a new hash of received message
for verification

Core module: Part E

Digital Signature
private key public key
(encryption) (decryption)
original signed verified

text text verifying text

Core module: Part E

Example of a digital signature

Core module: Part E
16.5 The Cashless Society

Cashless society
speeded up by Internet
immediate transfer of funds between buyer and
seller
payment methods
smart cards (e.g. Octopus)
credit cards
electronic money (e.g. EPS)
Core module: Part E
16.6 The Knowledge-Based Society

and Globalisation
Knowledge-based society
people require constant improvement and
upgrading: life-long learning
Globalisation
development of media
allow people to obtain information around the world
most update and fast
affect our culture, religions and ethnics

Core module: Part E

and Globalisation
Positive effect of globalisation
people in the globe are more connected to each
other
easier to do business with worldwide companies
people pay more attention to the global issues
environmental
political
economic

Core module: Part E

and Globalisation
Adverse effects of globalisation
International enterprises deprives works in the
Third World countries
Dominant cultures devour the local cultures

Core module: Part E
16.7 Impact of Upcoming Technologies

High bandwidth
more high-bandwidth demanded applications run
on the Internet

Core module: Part E

Mobile technology
allow wireless product to communicate across
distances
driven by convenience, cost and access
pager handheld computer

mobile phone
Core module: Part E

Bluetooth
protocol of short range frequency-hopping radio
link between devices
simplify data synchronization among Internet
devices

Core module: Part E

Application of Bluetooth wireless technology
handheld device car

camera

Core module: Part E

Global System for Mobile (GSM)
digital mobile telephone system
SIM (Subscribe Identity Module) cards are provided
for GSM users
roaming service
SIM card for GSM phone

Core module: Part E

Third-generation (3G)
support enhanced multimedia
compatible with 2G
connect with wired networks
indoor bandwidth = 2 Mbps
outdoor bandwidth
= 144 Kbps / 384 Kbps
support GSM roaming services

Core module: Part E

Smart home technology
integrate services or technology to homes
enhance the quality of life

Core module: Part E

Advantages of smart home technology
maximal safety and security
maximal comfort
best communication
minimal cost of energy

Computer and Information Technology for (HKCEE) Core Module
END

Core Module Power Point Core - ch16 - Eng

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Computer and Information Technology for (HKCEE) Core Module

16.1 Occupational Safety

© Longman Hong Kong Education Page2

16.1 Occupational Safety

16.1 Occupational Safety

© Longman Hong Kong Education Page4

16.1 Occupational Safety

ergonomic mouse ergonomic keyboard

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© Longman Hong Kong Education Page6

16.1 Occupational Safety

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16.2 Environmental Issues of

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16.2.1 Computer Waste

16.2.1 Computer Waste

Hexavalent chromium Plastics

16.2.1 Computer Waste

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16.2.1 Computer Waste

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16.2.1 Computer Waste

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16.2.2 Benefits of Reuse and Recycling

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16.3 Computer Viruses

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16.3 Computer Viruses

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16.3 Computer Viruses

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16.3 Computer Viruses

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16.3 Computer Viruses

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16.3 Computer Viruses

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16.4 Securing Internet Transactions

16.4 Securing Internet Transactions

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16.4 Securing Internet Transactions

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16.4 Securing Internet Transactions

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16.4 Securing Internet Transactions

plaintext ciphertext ciphertext plaintext

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16.4 Securing Internet Transactions

plaintext ciphertext ciphertext plaintext

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16.4 Securing Internet Transactions

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16.4 Securing Internet Transactions

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16.4 Securing Internet Transactions

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16.4 Securing Internet Transactions

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16.4 Securing Internet Transactions

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16.4 Securing Internet Transactions

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