Submitted to: Ms.

TARANNUM MOHAN

Submitted by: SARABJEET SINGH

WASTE
An

WASTE MANAGEMENT
Collection source separation storage transportation transfer processing treatment disposal of waste

unusable / unwanted substance or material.

Rejected as worthless.

Eg) Rubbish, trash, garbage or junk

WASTE MANAGEME NT
@ To extract maximum practical benefits. @ To generate minimum amount of waste. @ Reduce negative impacts - on environment & society.

TYPES OF WASTES

SOURCES OF WASTE

WASTE

DOMESTIC

INDUSTRIAL

COMMERCIAL

AGRICULTURAL

*Domestic wastes
meat remnants

SOURCES OF WASTES
- Eg) paper, plastic, glass, ceramics, vegetable wastes - Eg) printer paper,

*Commercial wastes *Ashes

- Eg) coal, wood and coke.

- Open burning of wastes also generates ashes

*Animal Wastes
- rejected feed

- Eg)dung of animals

*Biomedical Wastes

*Construction Wastes

- Eg) expired drugs, plastic syringes, surgical dressings

*Industrial Solid Wastes *Sewer

- Eg) metal rods, bricks, cement, concrete, roofing materials - digging activities Eg) telephone, electricity, drainage -Eg) garment factory would dump textiles of various kinds - removed from sewerage left on the roadside

*Hazardous wastes *E
-

- potentially

dangerous - react explosively with air or water - Change in the genetic structure of individuals Waste - electronics disposed

*Nuclear waste
material fission

-E.g.) Secondary computers, electronics, mobile phones, television sets & refrigerator - containing radioactive - product of a nuclear

AGRICULTURE WASTES
AGRICULTURE, JUST A CENTURY AGO, WAS VERY NATURE-BASED. CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES WERE NOT COMMON IF NOT UNDEARD OF. BUT MODERN AGRICULTURE SHOWS A WHOLE NEW PICTUE. THE PRESSURE OF PRODUCING A HIGHER YIELD FROM LESSER LAND HAS LED TO THE OVERUSE AND MISUSE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS. ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ARE BIO-DEGRADABLE AND ARE NOT A THREAT BUT ABOUT 40% OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS ARE LEFT AS RESIDUE IN SOIL FROM WHERE THEY POLLUTE WATER-BODIES. OTHER CHEMICALS LISTED BELOW ALSO LEAVE RESIDUES IN SOIL AND ARE A NUISANCE. INSECTICIDES --- USED TO KILL HARMFUL INSECT RODENTICIEDS---USED TO KILL RATS AND MICE FUNGICIDES--- USED TO KILL FUNGI WEEDICIDESUSED TO KILL WEEDS IN CROP FIELDS.

To solve the problem of waste accumulation and to promote proper waste management , all of us need to work together . This mean that the government Public and even every individuals must cooperate . Proper waste management also requires equipments and labour. This needs money. So ,the methods of waste management vary from regions to regions and country to country based on following factors. 1. Total amount of waste generated. 2.Types of waste generated. 3.Availability of funds. 4.Availability of labour and machines. Basically waste management means collecting garbage, transferring it to the dump, and disposing it in a clean , safe manner. You all must have observe dumpers

Effects of waste If not managed

Affects our health Affects our socio-economic conditions Affects our coastal and marine

environment Affects our climate Rise in global temperatures Rise in sea levels

Methods of Waste Management.

Disposal Methods
a) Land fills
Convenient Inexpensive Destruction of food sources Desalination

Recycling methods a) Biological reprocessing b) Energy recovery i)Pyrolysis ii)Gasification

Key to providing a livable environment for the future

Incineration
Requires minimum land Can be operated in any weather

Expensive to build and operate Continuous maintenance

Expensive Some wastes cannot be recycled Technological push needed

How we can check waste accumulation

Nobody likes to live in a dirty house or accumulate rubbish in or near their houses. So, why should we dirty our city? We all can play an active part in checking waste accumulation. 1. We should spread awareness about health hazards of waste accumulation. 2. We should store domestic waste in covered bins. 3. We should no to non-biodegradable products like plastics. 4. We should have separate bins for biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes. 5. We should ensure that waste is regularly collected from bins and disposed properly. 6. We should recycle whatever possible. Remember to live a healthy life; cleanliness is most important not just in our life style but also our surroundings.

MATERIAL RECOVERY
Paper Recovery
Turtle Island Recycling began as a local paper recycling company . In keeping with this direction, we have developed and fostered strategic alliances with many of the largest paper mills in North America. We sort, clean and process all grades of paper fiber.

Mixed Beverage Container Recovery

To illustrate our commitment to providing user friendly recycling programs, Turtle Island has the most effective and unique mixed beverage program in the area. Our program focuses on recovering the most material with minimal effort or confusion to the user

Bio-Methanation
Process
Materials that are organic in nature, such as

plant material, food scraps convert starch or sugary agricultural feed stock into a methane rich gas mixture three stages, namely, hydrolysis, acid-genesis and methane formation Process is very slow Installing is expensive.

Practical Issues
Lack of awareness Unplanned growth and development of cities Land availabilty Un sorted waste. mixture of bio-degradable

and non bio-degradable Some wastes cannot be recycled Unsightly - smell, waste, vermin requires proper planning, design, and operation

For proper waste management , the government of a country should: --Be aware of environmental and health hazards of improperly disposed waste. --Make rules that promotes cleanliness in public places, streets , etc. --Impose fines on littering and careless disposal of waste. --Provide local bodies with proper funding. --Provide modern techniques for safer waste collection and disposal. --Spread public awareness about proper waste disposal and recycling . --Sweepers and sanitary workers must be provided with proper equipment . --Any public complaints regarding waste disposal in a locality should be seriously and quickly handled.

If local communities do not cooperate with the government , even the best plans will fail .Communities can do a lot for their country. --They can help keep their locality clean. --They can report any problem to relevant authorities in a responsible manner. --They should not misuse/ destroy public property. --They should be aware that the environment needs their protection. --They can develop/construct small scale local purification plants or composting pits that benefit the entire community.

A person is the building block of society .Every person should do his path. People should always be ready to lend a helping hand for social welfare. Even we students can help. For proper waste management people can do the following ; --Every one should recycle what ever possible. --Every one should separate biodegradable/not-biodegradable substances in separate bins at home. --Every one can maintain a compost pit ; otherwise 4-5 a families can do so together . --Children can separate awareness among elders . --Garbage should not be burned .It pollutes the air . Besides, much of it can be recycle . --Dangerous wastes like batteries , cells , chemicals, etc. Should be disposed separately and carefully. So, for proper waste management , every single person should do his part. If individuals do not do their part , communities cannot . And if communities fail , The plan of the government are useless . Same is the case with all social and environmental issues. Therefore always remember to do your bit.

Suggestions
Improve product design to use less materials. use biodegradable materials maintenance of cleanliness in yards and streets At Source Treatment, Separation of materials

should be done at source Encourage People to reuse materials rather than purchase new ones.