ABAP / 4 QUERY

ABAP / 4 QUERY

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this Power Point Presentation are

• To explain what ABAP Query is.

• To explain the terms User Group, Functional Area and Functional

Group.

• To explain through sequence of screen shots the steps involved in

creating a functional area with and without a logical database and
attaching a functional group to the functional area created,creation of
User Group and assignment of functional area to the User Group and
finally create the Query based on the Functional Area created.
ABAP / 4 QUERY

• ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without

the need for any coding.

• A very handy tool for the functional consultants who don’t have any
prior programming experience.

• Steps to create an ABAP/4 Query.

• Create an user Group.

• Create a functional area.

• Assign the User Group to the Functional Area.

• Create the Query based on the Functional Area created.

User Group
Within a team or department, the problems solved using ABAP/4
Query reports are fairly similar and involve the same functional areas.
ABAP/4 Query has been designed to allow you to combine users with
similar concerns together in user groups.

The members of a user group can use all programs (queries) created by
any user of the group.

Changes to such a program are at once visible to all users. This ensures
that all members of a user group use the same evaluation programs.
Functional Areas
ABAP/4 Query allows you to evaluate data in the R/3 System. Since the
R/3 System contains several hundred thousand fields in logical
databases, tables and sequential datasets, it is simply not practical to
offer all these fields to the user for selection when creating queries.

Therefore, before starting to create queries you create functional areas .

Functional areas provide the user with a framework for defining a query
quickly and without difficulty.
Functional Group
A functional group combines related fields together into a meaningful
unit. It provides you with a preselection so that you do not have to search
through all fields of a logical database just to produce, for example, a
simple list of flight connections.

This means that the end-user only has access to precisely those fields
assigned to a functional group.

Fields must be assigned to a functional group before they can be used in

queries.
Functional Group

You can assign fields of different tables to one functional group. In this
way, you can treat fields of linked additional tables and also additional
fields in the same way as true logical database fields.
ABAP / 4 QUERY

CREATING A FUNCTIONAL AREA WITH A LOGICAL DATABASE

To create a Functional Area goto

• Tools->ABAP/4 Workbench->utilities ->ABAP/4 Query->Functional

Areas or use SQ02 transaction.

• Assign a Functional Area name and Click on Create button.

• In the next screen give a description to the functional area.A

functional area can be created with a logical database or without a
logical database.

• In the Functional Area with Logical database box specify the logical
database name (e.g. Database : F1 Application : S. This is the SAP
defined flight database).
ABAP / 4 QUERY

• Click on Functional Groupbutton on the application toolbar to create

the functional group for the fields from the tables in the logical
database.

• Window : Change Functional Area <Functional Area name>

• In this screen in the Functional Groups box mention the functional

Group number and description (e.g 01-Flight, 02-Demo, 03-Bookings
etc.).

• Tables of logical database / Joins show the tables from the logical
database.The fields from the tables are displayed in the Fields box.

• To change the list double click on the table name.

• In the fields box against the fields specify the functional group
number in which you would like to include the field.
ABAP / 4 QUERY

• Repeat the above step for the fields from each table.To get the list of
the fields from other tables select the table in the Tables from logical
database / Joins box and double click.

• Save the Functional Area and Generate it.

ABAP / 4 QUERY

CREATE A FUNCTIONAL AREA WITHOUT A LOGICAL

DATABASE

• To create a Functional Area choose

• TOOLS->ABAP/4 WORKBENCH->UTILITIES->ABAP/4 QUERY-

>FUNCTIONAL AREAS

• Assign a Functional Area name and Click on Create button.

• In the next screen give a description to the functional area.

• In the functional Area without a Logical database area give the base
table name.

• Check the table join check box and click on the table join button.
ABAP / 4 QUERY

• In the joined tables area give the table names which you want to
include in the join condition .

• The base table name will be grayed out. Now select two tables by
selecting the check boxes for defining the join condition.

• To define the join conditions choose EDIT->Join->Define condition.

• You will see mapping between the tables on the right side under the
Join Conditions area.Click on the button (with + and down arrow
symbol) to specify the join between the tables

• You will get a message “Proposals Requested”.Click on Yes.

• In the next screen that you get, if there is a foreign key relationship
defined between the tables then you will see 00 = 00 (signifying the
join) displayed against the common fields of the tables else you can
specify the join yourself by typing in 00 or 01 etc.
ABAP / 4 QUERY

• Click on Back arrow button to come back and continue defining the
conditions for more tables if required.

• Click on Functional Group button on the application toolbar to create

the functional group for the fields from the tables in the logical
database.
• Window : Change Functional Area <Functional Area name>

• In this screen in the Functional Groups box mention the functional

Group number and description (e.g 01-Flight, 02-Demo, 03-Bookings
etc).

• Tables of logical database / Joins show the tables from the logical
database.The fields from the tables are displayed in the Fields box.

• To change the list double click on the table name.

• In the fields box against the fields specify the functional group
ABAP / 4 QUERY

number in which you would like to include the field.

• Repeat the above step for the fields from each table.To get the list of
the fields from other tables select the table in the Tables from logical
database / Joins box and double click.

• Save the Functional Area and Generate it.

ABAP / 4 QUERY

CREATING A USER GROUP

From the menu bar choose ENVIRONMENT->USER GROUP.

• In the next screen give a user group name.

• In the user Group, specify the names of the users who are authorized
to use this functional area / query.

• Click on Create button.

• Give a description to the user group and specify the names of the
users.

• Click on the Assign Functional Area button on the toolbar to assign

the functional area to the user group.

• Save the User group .

ABAP / 4 QUERY

CREATING A QUERY

• To create a query choose Environment->Queries.

• Assign a Query name and Click on Create Button.

• Select the functional area for the user group by double clicking it.

• In the next screen give a description to the query,specify the output

length (if required) and select the processing option from the further
processing options box. You display the data as a table, download it
to a file,display in a word processor etc.

• Click on the Next Screen icon (->) on the toolbar.

• SELECT FUNCTIONAL GROUP screen.

ABAP / 4 QUERY

• The list of Functional Groups that were defined in the functional area
is displayed. Select the ones required. The fields from this group will
only be displayed in the next screen.

• Click on the Next screen icon (->) on the toolbar.

• SELECT FIELD screen.

• The fields from each functional groups is displayed. Select the fields
that you want to include in your query report.

• Here in this screen, you can do the following if required:

• You can specify Short names for the fields.

• Choose EDIT->SHORTNAMES->SWITCH ON/OFF.

• You can also change the selection text contents to the way you want
it to appear in the selection screen.
ABAP / 4 QUERY

• You can also create local fields that you would like to include in this
query only. You have to give a short name for the local fields that you
create.

• Choose EDIT->LOCAL FIELD->CREATE.

• You can include fields such as user name, system date,time etc.

• You can also maintain column headers for the fields. Select the filed
and then choose EDIT->COLUMN HEADER->MAINTAIN.

• Click on the Next Screen icon (->) on the toolbar.

• SELECTION SCREEN. In this screen click on check boxes against the

fields.

• Now select the query Report type (Basic List, Statistics or Ranked
List) that you want to generate.
ABAP / 4 QUERY

Create a Functional Area

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Give a description and assign a logical database

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Show the nodes of all the tables

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Assign Data Fields to the Field Group

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Save and generate the Functional Area

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Create a User Group

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Give a description for the User Group

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Click on Assign User and InfoSets

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Click on assign Infosets

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Click on the Functional area and save

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Create a Query
ABAP / 4 QUERY

Click on the User Group

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Give a Description for the Query

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Click on the Functional Group

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Click on the Fields

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Click the required selection fields

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Click on Basic List

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Click on Header and give a description

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Click on Footer and give a description

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Click on the required datafields

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Selection Criteria Screen

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Execute the Query

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Functional Groups Creation Using Table Joins

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Insert Table
ABAP / 4 QUERY

Select Include All Table Fields Radio Button

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Save And Generate Functional Area

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Create User Group

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Give A Description For The User Group

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Click Assign Users And Infosets

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Assign User And Click Assign Infosets

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Assign Functional Area To User Groups

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Save User Group

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Create Query
ABAP / 4 QUERY

Assign Functional Area

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Give Description For The Query

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Select Field Groups

ABAP / 4 QUERY

SelectFields
Select Required Required FieldsNext Button
and Click
ABAP / 4 QUERY

Click Basic List Button

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Create Header And Footer

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Select Data Fields Required for Display

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Execute Query
ABAP / 4 QUERY

Selection Criteria Screen

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Output For The Query

ABAP / 4 QUERY

SUMMARY

The following topics were discussed in the above Power point

Presentation.

• ABAP Query in a nutshell.

• Creation of Functional area with a SAP Logical Database F1S.

• Attaching a User Group to the Functional Area created and then

creating a Query to the Functional Area Created.

• Creation of Functional Area without a logical Database and then

attach a Functional Group by specifying the required Join conditions.

• Attaching a User Group to the Functional Area created and then

creating a Query to the Functional Area Created
ABAP / 4 QUERY

Exercise

Ex 1 : Creation of Functional Area with a Logical Database.

• Input : Logical Data Base F1S.Using this Logical database create a

functional Group and attach the functional group to the functional
area.

• Create a User Group and assign the same to the Functional Area
Created.

• Finally create a Query and assign the same to the Functional Area.

• Then create a Basic List and then Execute the Query.

ABAP / 4 QUERY

Exercise

Ex 2 : Creation of Functional Area without a Logical Database.

• Input :Ex 2 : Creation of Functional Area without a Logical Database.

• Input : Create a Functional Group by taking MARA as the Base Join

Table in Functional Area creation.

• Create a user group and attach the user group to the functional area
created.

• Create a Query and assign the functional group to the Query

• Finally create a Basic List and then execute the Query.