EBB 427 Application and Technology of Engineering Polymers (Second Half)

Thermosetting Adhesive

Dr. Hazizan Md Akil School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Engineering Campus, USM.

Thermosetting Adhesives
Introduction Thermosetting adhesives are essentially infusible, insoluble and show good creep resistance. They are used for high load assemblies and severe service conditions such as heat, cold, radiation etc Thermoset adhesives set as a result of the build up of molecular chains to produce a rigid crosslinked structure. They include epoxy resins, which are some of the most widely used adhesives. There are many different thermoset adhesives available including phenolic formaldehyde (PF) resins, phenolic neoprene, resorcinol formaldehydes (RF), polyesters, polyimides and epoxy resins.
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Thermosetting Adhesives
Introduction Thermoset adhesives are generally more expensive,to purchase and to use, than the other adhesive types. They are the adhesives most used for structural, load bearing applications. Some of the toughened variants provide exceptional properties directly comparable with welded, rivetted alternatives. Thermoset Adhesives are polymer resins that are interlocked and are high specification adhesives Thermoset adhesives are made of large molecular chains to produce a cross linked structure.

Thermosetting Adhesives
Introduction They are solvent- free and exhibit high tensile and shear strength. These adhesives rapidly bond a variety of substrates. They polymerize with moisture and cure in seconds at room temperature. Thermoset Adhesives provide extremely durable bonds in harsh environments with superior weathering properties. This can be cured through a free radical mechanism. The thermoset includes Neoprene and Hypalon.

Thermosetting Adhesives
Introduction Thermoset Adhesives which bond different materials are also available. The bonding action varies between the adhesive types and involves either a chemical or mechanical bonding to the surface. Adherence becomes difficult when the surface is smooth. Thermoset Adhesives provide protection against some low frequency waves Epoxies and anaerobics are thermoset adhesives designed to retain their strength over a wide temperature range
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Thermosetting Adhesives
Introduction The curing temperature selected must be close to the operating temperature to reduce the effect of the difference in thermal-expansion between materials. Thermoset Adhesives are suitable for energy absorbing applications.

Thermosetting Adhesives
Types of thermoset adhesives Resorcinol resins Polyesters Polyimides Epoxy resins Epoxy polysulphides Epoxy silicones Redux adhesive Acrylics Polysulfide Furan Fluropolymers
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Thermosetting Adhesives
Specifications for thermoset adhesives Viscosity Viscosity is the measure of a material's resistance to flow. The viscosity is measured in centipoises (cP). Curing Time The time required to complete cementing of an adhesive at a certain temperature. It is expressed in secs. Gap Fill Gap fill is the spreading of adhesives over the material without leaving any voids. It normally relates to the viscosity of the adhesive.

Thermosetting Adhesives
Specifications for thermoset adhesives Thermal Conductivity Thermal conductivity is the measure of the ability of the material of the adhesive for heat transfer. Thermal conductivity is expressed in W/mK. Elongation Elongation is the increase in length defined as a fraction of the original length of a material when subjected to tension. It is expressed in percentage (%)

Thermosetting Adhesives
Specifications for thermoset adhesives Resistivity Resistivity is the physical property of the material which has the ability to resist or oppose the motion of charge through the material and is usually expressed in ohm-cm Dielectric Strength Dielectric strength is the measure of the ability of the thermoset adhesive to withstand electric stress without failure. It is expressed in kV/in. Dielectric Constant Index of Refraction

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Thermosetting Adhesives
Specifications for thermoset adhesives Dielectric Constant Dielectric constant is the ratio of the capacitance of a material to the capacitance of air. Index of Refraction Index of refraction is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a substance

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Thermosetting Adhesives
Specifications for thermoset adhesives
Type Resorcinol resins Polyesters (unsaturat ed) Notes Water resistance is very good. They are used to make exterior plywood. Usually made to harden by chemical action rather than by the evaporation of solvents and thus cure with little shrinkage. Materials Bonded Wood, porous materials Glass fibre binder.

High performance adhesives requiring higher curing temperatures and bonding Polyimides pressures (up to 0.7 MPa ). High cost adhesive. Supplied as tapes.

Metals

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Thermosetting Adhesives
Specifications for thermoset adhesives
Epoxy (mostly 2-part) adhesives have good strength and chemical resistance, do not produce volatiles during curing, and Metal, Glass, have low shrinkage. Therefore they form elastormers, some extremely strong and durable bonds with plastics most materials in well-designed joints. Single part adhesives require heat for setting or long setting times. Better flexibility and peel strength but relatively lower peel strength Good temperature characteristics Metals , Laminates

Epoxy resins

Epoxy polysulphi des

Epoxy silicones Redux adhesive

Trade Name.. High performance structural adhesives - Paste or film . Can be formulated for higher temperatures (180o C). Automobile, Aerospace, Marine applications.

Metals,
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Properties of Thermosetting Adhesives

Advantages of thermoset adhesives Possess greater flexibility Have no stress concentrations Are insoluble Have good creep resistance Have adequate strength Offer weight reduction Elegant in appearance

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Properties of Thermosetting Adhesives

Disadvantages of thermoset adhesives Low durability Techniques for the inspection is limited Do not remain stable at high temperature Require time to attain strength after application Are highly expensive

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Properties of Thermosetting Adhesives

Qualities of thermoset adhesives Durability Heat resistance Degree of sticking Bond strength Curing time

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Properties of Thermosetting Adhesives

Applications of thermoset adhesives Used widely for repairing and manufacturing small objects. Used for sizing paper, textiles, labeling, sealing, and manufacturing paper goods. Used in construction, particularly in welding or riveting. Used in the medical industry, textile industry, painting and woodworking.

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