Crude Fiber

GROUP NUMBER :3 and 4

GROUP MEMBERS :
-Lim Wee Chun 159687 -Gina Yew Swan Jing 157690 -Muhammad Naim Muhammad Khatib 158467 -Nor Dalila Hashim 156293 -Low Jun Ying 156493 -Lim Hui Xian 156432 -Ku Izzaira Ku Ishak 159360 -Mohd Faisal Abd. Ghani Hisyam 158120

DEFINITION Analysis of crude fibre involves oven-drying

the fiber to be analyzed after exposing it to a series of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions. What's left is crude fiber: a mixture of insoluble fibers that have no nutritional value. Crude fibre is a measure of the quantity of indigestible cellulose, pentosans, lignin, and other components of this type in food.

Crude fiber is also referred as insoluble fiber. Crude fiber is different from dietary fiber which is a soluble fiber. Most crude fiber contains one-seventh to one-half dietary fiber.

COMPONENT OF CRUDE FIBRE Made up primarily of plant structural

carbohydrates such as cellulose and hemicellouse and lignin, which is a highly indigestible material. Found in the tissues of plants and cellulose, basically a plant's skeleton.

ADVANTAGE OF HAVING CRUDE FIBER

These components have little food value
but provide the bulk necessary for proper peristaltic action in the intestinal tract. In short, most people need some crude fiber in their diets.

SOURCE OF CRUDE FIBER

Excellent sources of crude fiber include : - Vegetables like leafy greens - Whole grains like whole wheat - Rye - Beans such as kidney beans - Black beans.

METHOD TO DETERMINATION OF CRUDE FIBER First method is by using sulphuric acid

followed by sodium hydroxide to hydrolyze the food sample. This method is suitable for all food sample. Second method is by using detergent, which is basically the determination of the vegetative component that is insoluble.

 This method suitable for by-product of

cereal industry. Overall, in determining the crude fiber the sample characteristics should be consider such as: - particle size - defatted or undefatted sample - the rate of heat given to the sample Crude fiber can be use to evaluate nutrition, manufacturer performance and the degree of fruit senescence.

PRINCIPLE
The sample will be hydrolyzed with an aqueous H2SO4. Then, the sample residue will be rinsed with water and dried in oven for 3 hrs at 105 oC. Then cool in desiccators and repeat the step for several time until constant weight is obtained. The remaining residue, will be ash at 550 oC in a muffle furnace until completed. The ash is weighed after it is cooled down to room temp. The weight of crude fiber is the differences between the weight of dried sample residue to the weight of ash.

Aim of experiment :
To comprehend the determination of crude fibre in food systems. To collect,analyze and evaluate the experimental data. To demonstrate the ability to handle the equipment and chemical effeciently. To demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of various method.

Apparatus and Materials

Materials: Sulphuric Acid : 0.25 N Sodium Hydroxide : 0.313 N Alcohol Sample given Apparatus : Muffle furnace (550 C) Buchner funnel/Glass funnel Spatula Heater Conical flask Desiccator Oven (105 C) Crucible Filter paper Condenser Ashless filter paper No.541 Aspirator pump

Procedure
Dry the crucible and ashless filter paper (105 C,1hour) ,cool it.

Dry residue+filter paper (105 C),place crucible-muffle furnace(550 C),place crucibleDessicator,calculate constant Weight. Filter hydrolyzed mixtures, Rinse residue(boiled distilled Water),rinse again(alcohol)

Calculate weight of filter paper, Weigh 2g of defattes sample-conical flask (500ml)

+ boiled sulphuric acid (200ml), dissolve it (spatula),attach conical flaskReflux condenser

Place residue-conical flask, +200 ml boiled NaOH,attach to condenser,boil(30 mins)

Boil sample(30 mins),turn the conical flask every 5mins.

Filter hydrolyzed mixture (filter paper Whatman no.541), Rinse residue (boiled distilled water)

Calculation
Weight of Sample =W Weight of filter paper without ash =K Wt. crucible + filter paper + dried residue= S Wt. crucible + ash =A Wt. residue without ash % crude fiber = Wt. sample 100

(S K) A = 100 W