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PROCESS SELECTION
- Manufacturing
4. Degree of Automation.
Reasons For Product or Service
Design
• Market opportunities and threats
• Following changes gives rise to market opportunities
and threats
– Economic
– Social and demographic
– Political, liability, or legal
– Competitive
– Cost or availability
– Technological
Automobile
Video Recorder
Cell Phone
Compact Disc Player
Color Laser Printer
Fax Machine
Color Copier B&W TV
100
90
Cost/Time per repetition
Cost
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 20 40 60 80 100
Number of repetitions (Volume)
Types of Processes
• Conversion
Iron ore + coal etc Steel
Ingredient Tooth Paste
• Fabrication
Sheet metal Component
Gold Tooth Crown
• Assembly
Different components Car
• Testing
Not a fundamental process,
But as a stand alone activity
IMP. DOCUMENTS IN
PRODUCT / PROCESS DESIGNS.
3. PROCESS CHART
Operations Sequence
Sub- Final
Desig Fabricat Stock as Pack &
Procure assembl assembl Test
n e Inventory Ship
e e
Ma nufacturin g En vi ronme nts
L.T.
Stock Assemble
Design Std. as per
Sub- Pack &
(Modular Procure Fabricate Modules Customer Test
assemble Ship
Product) as Selected
Inventory Modules
L. T.
Key components are planned & stocked in anticipation of Customer Order
CODP ignites the assembly of Customized Product
Make to Order ( MTO ) Environment
(Customer
Stock
design, if
component Pack
required) Sub- Final
Design Design & Fabricate Test &
Procedure assemble assemble
Standards Ship
(Componen
Parts
ts & RM)
L. T.
Procure –
Unique Design Raw Mat, Sub- Final Pack &
or significant Fabricate Test
Std. Compnt assemble assemble Ship
customization)
etc.
L. T.
1. Product focused
2. Process Focused
3. Group Technology /
Cellular Manufacture
1. Product Focused Design
Suitable for –
Exclusive product and high volume
• Consists of Cells
• A Cell consists of dissimilar machines.
• Each cell produces -range of similar products.
Intermittent Continuous
• Large WIP
• Time limit.
• Disadvantages:
– Expensive – if volume is too large
– Planning & Control – Complex.
– Some idling of Resources, Large W.I.P.
Assembly Line
Most suitable for High Volume production
• Line Balancing, Low Skills, Low Unit Cost, High Cap. Invest.
• Disadvantages-
1. Repetitive/Monotonous.
Process
focused
to Order
Process ( Batch)
focused
to Order
( job Shop)
Important Documents
to communicate “Process”
– PROCESS CHART
Process Chart
Inspection
Storage Delay D