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• Ground
Satellite – repeat or continuous
sampling
– regional or local coverage
– example: NEXRAD for
Airplane
precipitation
• Aircraft
Balloon
– repeat sampling , any
sampling interval
– regional or local coverage
Terrestrial – examples: airplanes for
platform photographs; LIDAR for
ozone and aerosols
Electromagnetic wave (light)
Electromagnetic radiation
is energy consisting of an
electrical (E) and magnetic
(M) fields oriented at right
angles of each other that
travels through
atmosphere at the speed
of light (c) at a certain
wavelength (λ)
λ
The EM Range with Respect to Different
Applications
Light interaction with objects
G
C E F
Our eyes as remote sensors
Image Interpretation Elements
RGB:321 RGB:432
RGB:543
The First Application of Remote Sensing
Meteorological Satellites - NOAA AVHRR
NOAA AVHRR
• Network of satellites
• 1.1 km spatial
resolution
• Polar-orbiting
• 5 channels (VIS~IR)
• 870 km away
• 3000 km swath width
TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)
TRMM Characteristics
• 7 sensors onboard
•Ground horizontal resolution:4
km
• Swath width: 220 km
• Product: height of about 12
miles (20 kilometers).
LANDSAT 7 ETM
• “7” indicates 7th launch
• Sun-synchronous
• 7 (ETM) + 1 (Pan) channels
• 30-m spatial resolution (ETM)
• 15-m spatial resolution (Pan)
• 16 day revisit period
• swath: 185 km x 185 km
SPOT 4
• 10 & 20 meter res. (Pan & XS resp.)
• 26 days orbit repetition (Sun-sync)
• 3 Bands (XS), 1 Band pan with
vegetation sensor
• 117 km swath width (panning possible)
• Stereoscopic data generation capability
IKONOS (2)
Top right: This one-meter resolution image of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines was collected March 6, 2001
by Space Imaging's IKONOS satellite. The image features the volcano located 90 kilometers north of
Manila. Once standing 1,780 meters (5,840 feet), Mount Pinatubo was dormant for 600 years until 1991
when the volcano erupted twice in June of that year.
Quickbird (by Digital Globe)
• A spy satellite
(officially referred to
as a reconnaissance
satellite) is an Earth
observation satellite
deployed for military
or intelligence
applications
Radar – Radio Detection and Ranging
Top-right: Two half scenes covering the Laguna de Bay and vicinity taken
January 3, 2001. Lake waters exhibit high turbidity during the dry season
Landcover classification Level 1: Example
23 Feb 2002
Landsat-7 ETM+
+ dam
Landcover classification Level 1: Example
23 Feb 2002
Landsat-7 ETM+
Classification of Shallow Seafloor