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CHEMISTRY OF CLEANING
THE PROCESS OF REMOVING THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF SOIL FROM AN ARTICLE IN THE MOST EFFICIENT WAY, WITH THE MAXIMUM RETENTION OF ITS ORIGINAL STATE.
FIBERS
ANIMAL VEGETABLE SYNTHETIC
WOOL, SILK
COTTON, FLAX
FABRIC
ANY ONE FIBER OR A COMBINATION OF FIBERS, WOVEN, KNITTED, OR FELTED
COTTON
is a natural fiber is water loving (Hydrophilic) is absorbent will shrink at high temperature will wrinkle is less durable
POLYSTER
is man-made from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid is water loving (Hydrophilic) is not absorbent is oil loving (Oleophilic) is durable can be treated to reduce wrinkling
SOILS
OILS, GREASE, WAX, FATTY ACIDS WHICH ARE MAINLY BODY OIL, TARS, VEGETABLE, MINERAL OR ANIMAL OILS
SOME SUGARS, STARCHES, GUMS, SYRUPS, FLAVORING AGENTS, AND MATTER GENERALY FOUND IN FOOD AND DRINK
EARTH, DUST, LINT, CARBONS, SKIN FLAKES, ASHES, COSMETICS, HAIR, PIGMENTS (SOLID COLORING MATTER)
INSOLUBLE OR NOT DISSOLVED IN EITHER WATER OR SOLVENT, ALTHOUGH THEY ARE REMOVED, AS PARTICLES FROM CLOTHING INTO THE SOLVENT
TYPE OF SOILS
WATER SOLUBLE SOILS
- Organic substance (starch, sugar, blood, etc.) - Inorganic substance (salts, etc.)
Medium / Heavy
Light Soil
140
160 80
160 0F
120 0F 110 0F
Flush / Rinse
The chemical reaction which is required for soil removal is accelerated by higher temperature.
SOUR / SOFT
EXTRACT
- The purpose of the break operation is to loosen the soil from the fabric so that it can be suspended and removed. If properly conducted, this operation can remove as much as 60% of the soil present.
- The function of bleaching is to oxidize the traces of soil or coloring matter that remain after washing. Simply stated, we wash clothes clean, and bleach for stain removal. Bleach is not used to cover up a poor washing operation, but rather it is to enhance a good one.
pH
Wearing Apparel Flat Work Rough Dry
5.0 6.0
5.5 6.0
5.5 6.5
pH SCALE
TROUBLESHOOTING
LIST OF COMMON PROBLEMS
POOR SOIL REMOVAL
Poor soil removal refers to items which are simply not coming clean, this could be the result of undissolved solids, odor, or instant soil redeposition opposed to a gradual build up.
SOLUTION
Verify and train employees on proper formula use. Verify and train employees on proper product usage. Check to make certain scoops/cups are in good condition and labeled properly. Make certain product usage guide is correct and in place.
Train the employees to follow the formulas in their entirety. Explain the need for the operation(s) being skipped. Ask why then have been skipping them. This may lead to another concern, like production time.
SOLUTION
Make sure the proper sorting procedures are being followed and the proper formula(s) is being used.
Verify and train employees on proper product usage. Check to make certain scoops/cups are in good condition and labeled properly. Make certain product usage guide is correct and in place.
Overloading the wheelReduce load size. Train employees o proper loading.
SOLUTION
Check the levels, temperature controls and dump valve(s). if necessary, collect or solicit the maintenance department assistance to fix the problems. Make sure the preventive maintenance is being contacted regularly. If a water softener is used, determine if it is functioning properly or if it needs regeneration. If a water softener is not being used, a slight increase in detergent usage may be necessary. Verify, If temperature is not reaching the desired level adjust the temperature controls.
GRAYING OR REDEPOSITION
CAUSE
Insufficient Detergent Usage
SOLUTION
Use product amount recommended for the heaviest classification in the wheel. Set water temperatures at recommended levels for that classification. Dropping the temperature too quickly can cause redeposition. Use the recommended number of rinses with the proper water levels and time.
Improper washing and/or rinsing temperatures Inadequate rinsing, or the rinse operation times are too short
GRAYING OR REDEPOSITION
CAUSE
Improper sorting, mixing fabrics with different soil levels in a single load. Water hardness higher than standard
SOLUTION
Pre-sort items to ensure fabrics wit similar soil levels are included in each load. If a water softener is being used make sure it is working properly or check to see if it needs regenerating. If no softener is used, a slight increase in the detergent usage may be necessary.
Bleaching Instructions
Dryer Instructions
Special Care
Ironing