Welcome to LeCroys WaveRunner High Resolution Oscilloscopes Presentation

Webinar Content
Differences between 8-bit and
12-bit Oscilloscopes

12 Bit Application Examples WaveRunner HRO 6 Zi Facts Complete Probing Solution Summary

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Digital Oscillocope Fundamentals - Page 3

DSO Acquisition Circuit

Analog Signal

ADC
INPUT AMPLIFIER TRACK & HOLD ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER ACQUISITION MEMORY

Digital Representation of Input Signal

Acquisition Circuits Convert Analog Signals To Digital Data

TRIGGER PROCESSOR

TDC
TIME TO DIGITAL CONVERTER

SAMPLING CLOCK GENERATOR

EXTERNAL TRIGGER EXTERNAL CLOCK

Digital Oscilloscope Fundamentals - Page 4

We will discuss ADC

ADC Resolution - 8 bits and 12 bits

Sampling Rate

AMPLIFIER

TRACK & HOLD

ADC
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER

ACQUISITION MEMORY

TRIGGER PROCESSOR

TDC TIME TO DIGITAL CONVERTER

SAMPLING CLOCK GENERATOR

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ADC Resolution

ADC Resolutions 2GS/s and higher

No of Steps

Smallest change (Design Engrs)

In ppm (Quality)

Dynamic Range (RF & Audio)

6 bits

64

15.60%

15600

36.12 dB

8 bits

256

3.90%

3900

48.1 dB

12 bits

4096

0.02%

240

72.24 dB

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Enhanced Resolution (Eres) - Disabled

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Enhanced Resolution (Eres) Enabled (+3bits)

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Highest Resolution 12-bits provides 16 times resolution compared to 8-bits Resolution = The number of available levels
= 2 bits of Resolution ADC Resolution Number of Steps Dynamic Range

8 12

256 4096

48 dB 72 dB

Quantization Error

Scope with low resolution

Scope with high resolution

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High Resolution Example 12-bit versus 8-bit

The following table shows the amplitude values of the sine signal.
Further the number of vertical steps this amplitude represents for 8 and 12 bits vertical resolution respectively. The value of the vertical axis for this calculation is 500mV/div.
Amplitude [mV] 12 Bit Levels 8 Bit Levels 500 410 26 300 246 15 125 102 6 62.5 51 3 31.25 15.63 7.8 3.9 1.95 26 2 13 1 6 0 3 0 2 0 0.98 1 0

As one can see the bit resolution is no longer sufficient to show the
right half of the table. Respective screen shots of the measurements will prove this.

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Highest Resolution 12-bit allows detection of smaller signal variations The higher number of bits means the lower measurable voltage
Smallest Voltage Step Full Scale 8 bits 12 bits 80 V 312.5 mV 19.5 mV 40 V 156.2 mV 9.76 mV 20 V 78.1 mV 4.88 mV 8V 31.3 mV 1.95 mV 4V 15.6 mV 976 V 1.6 V 6.3 mV 390 V 800 mV 3.1 mV 195 V 400 mV 1.56 mV 97.6 V 160 mV 625 V 39 V 80 mV 313 V 19.5 V 40 mV 156 V 9.76 V 16 mV 62.5 V 3.9 V 8 mV 31.2 V 1.95 V

When measuring an 8 V signal, the

smallest detectable voltage variation is 1.95 mV, compared to 31.3 mV on an 8-bit ADC.

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With 8 bits ADC - Noise Floor

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With 12 bits ADC - Noise Floor

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Comparing Measurements of 8 bit and 12 bit Scopes PeaktoPeak

measurement of the fifth oscillation with the 8-bit and the 12bit instrument.

Although it seems that

8 Bit Scope

the oscillations can be displayed with the 8bit instrument, comparing the measurement with that on the 12-bit instrument shows a substantial deviation.

12 Bit Scope
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Comparing Measurements of 8 bit and 12 bit Scopes The WaveStream display shows
the separate levels of the 8-bit instrument and that the last 34 levels are practical identical.

8 Bit Scope

12 Bit Scope
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Multi-tone
The FFT of a two tone signal shows how much more dynamic range
the 12-bit High Resolution Oscilloscope can detect.

8 Bit Scope

12 Bit Scope

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Demo Guide Example 1: Phase Noise

To show off the dynamic range of the HRO, a phase noise measurement can
be very effective.

8-bit

12-bit

Cannot see these peaks on the 8-bit trace

Baseline noise of -82 dBc

Baseline noise of -94 dBc

See how details of some components are completely missing on the 8bit screenshot. Also notice how low the floor is on the 12-bit trace compared to the 8-bit
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55 dB Signal to Noise Ratio 3-4 Times Better than Typical 8-bit Oscilloscopes Signal to noise ration (SNR):
The ratio, expressed in dB, of the RMS signal amplitude to the RMS sum
of all other spectral components excluding the distortion and offset error A typical SNR could be 35 dB for an 8 bit scope and 55 dB for a 12 bit Oscilloscope

~ 44 dB SNR

> 55 dB SNR

Typical 8-bit Oscilloscope

WaveRunner HRO 6 Zi 12-bit Oscilloscope

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WaveRunner High Resolution Oscilloscopes

12-bit Application Examples

Problem Solving Examples

A few application examples for WaveRunner HRO 6 Zi

Sensors and Actuators with high-resolution Medical use (Signals are near to the noise level like EKG or EEG) RF-Signals / Modulation Signals Power Measurement ...

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Sensors and Actuators with high resolution

Sensors and Actuators often have high resolutions
8 Bit scopes can only show a maximum resolution of 256 steps If more than 256 steps should be required, then you need a scope with
higher resolution

Examples:

Revolutions per minute (RPM) Altitude difference measurement Discharge flow-through measurements ...

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Sensors and Actuators with High Resolution

8 Bit Scope

8 Bit Scope with ERES

12 Bit Scope
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12 Bit Scope with ERES

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Sensors and Actuators with High Resolution

Results:
High Resolution Sensor and Actuators need a High Resolution
Oscilloscope

With 8 bit Oscilloscopes the signal is comparably very noisy To get good results, a noise filter (ERES Enhanced Resolution) has to
be used

With ERES it can sometimes be the case that some fast oscillations at
edges are filtered out

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Medical Measurement
Medical measuring intruments must detect signals with low amplitudes
8 bit Scopes have problems to show these signals because the signal has
insufficient dynamic range.

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Medical Measurement

8 Bit Scope

8 Bit Scope with ERES

12 Bit Scope
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12 Bit Scope with ERES

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Medical Measurement

Result:
The EKG Amplitude is very close to the noise level of 8 Bit Oscilloscopes Only with noise filters (ERES) could the signals be detected, but the
signal quality is very poor

Important under- or overshoots can only be detected with 12 Bits

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RF-Signals / Modulation Signals

Capturing signals like UWB, OFDM, IQ-Signals
in real time needs an A/D-converter with high bandwidth, but also with high dynamic range 8-bits is very often poor for resolving these signals The spurious-free dynamic range is also very often at the limit for this signal type

Most of the signals could also be

captured in the IF-Band so the bandwidth of the HRO is wide enough for the signals

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RF-Signals / Modulation Signals

Dynamic

Spurious

78dB

44dB

89dB

80dB

WaveRunner 6Zi 8bit

WaveRunner HRO 6Zi 12bit

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RF-Signals / Modulation Signals

Results:
For most of the applications 400 MHz/600 MHz analog bandwidth is
sufficient to capture IF-Band signals

12-bit resolution gives higher dynamic range HRO has >55 dB Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) HRO has a better spurious-free dynamic range

For IQ-Signals EVM (Error Vector Magnitude) is one of the most important
parameters. For better EVM results the most important parameters are:

Dynamic range
Spurious free dynamic range Signal to Noise Ratio
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Power Measurement
There are two ways to make a power measurement
Measuring the current Measuring the voltage The measurement must be done very often in a big range but with high resolution for little changes Long time-measurments are needed (a lot of memory is necessary)

Voltage and Current measurement at a Flyback Converter

High dv/dt differential mode measuremts with a DA1855A Differential Amplifier and a AP015 Current Probe
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WaveRunner HRO 6 Zi

Power Measurement
8 Bit Voltage
Measurement

12 Bit Voltage
Measurement

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Power Measurement - Switched Mode Power Supplies

Switched mode power supplies are widely used due to their high efficiency, low cost and small size. The images show the output of an example power supply subjected to a small load step. The 8 bit scope displays the step in the output but only the 12 bit scope shows the high frequency oscillation in detail.

Conventional 8 bit Scope

12 Bit HRO Scope

Power Measurement
Results:
Important under- or overshoots can only detected with 12 Bits Power calculation (voltage x current) will benefit from the higher resolution.
8-bit voltage x 8-bit current = 256 Points x 256 Points = 65,536 Points 12-bit voltage x 12-bit current = 4096 Points x 4096 Points = 16,777,216 Points

Small ripples can only be evaluated with high resolution With ERES it can be that some fast oscillations at edges are filtered out

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Other Applications contd

Electronics & Device Testing Industrial Imaging Particle Physics Laser Radar Related Media Video & Sound

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WaveRunner High Resolution Oscilloscopes

Facts and Specifications

WaveRunner HRO 6 Zi Oscilloscopes

12-bit ADC resolution
15-bit resolution with ERES 55 dB Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)

Highest Accuracy
0.5% DC Vertical Gain Accuracy

Deep Memory
256 Mpts/ch

High-End Scope Analysis Tools

Math & Measurements Advanced FFTs Jitter & Timing Analysis 17 Serial Decode and Trigger Solutions Multi-stage and Measurement Triggers

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WaveRunner HRO 6 Zi Oscilloscopes

400 MHz and 600 MHz models available 2 GS/s Sample rate on all channels

1 mV vertical Sensitivity @ full bandwidth

Up to 400 V offset capability 20 MHz, 100 MHz, 200 MHz, 350 MHz
filters for additional noise filtering

Innovative 12.1 Rotating and Pivoting

Touchscreen Display

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WaveRunner HRO 6 Zi Oscilloscopes

Model LeCroy
WaveRunner HRO 64Zi

LeCroy
WaveRunner HRO 66Zi

HRO 6 Zi Memory Options 128 Mpts/Ch

Bandwidth Channels Resolution Sample Rate (All Ch) Standard Memory (per Ch.) Max Optional Memory (per ch)

400 MHz 4 12-bit 2 GS/s 64 Mpts per Ch. 256 Mpts/ch

600 MHz 4 12-bit 2 GS/s 64 Mpts per Ch. 256 Mpts/ch

256 Mpts/Ch
All Serial Data, Math, Measurement,
and Analysis Options for the 8-bit WaveRunner 6 Zi Models are also available for both WR HRO Models

Complete Probing Compatibility

between 8-bit and 12-bit WaveRunner 6 Zi Models

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Complete Probing Solutions Differential Probing from 20 MHz to 1.5 GHz

ZD500, ZD1000, ZD1500

500 MHz, 1 GHz, 1.5 GHz Wide Dynamic Range Large Accessory options

ADP300, ADP305
20 MHz, 200 MHz 1,000 VRMS Common Mode Voltage 1,400 Vpeak Differential Voltage

ZD200
200 MHz Low Cost Perfect for Serial Data/ Automotive

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ZD200 200 MHz Differential Probe

Wide dynamic range of 20 V and
common mode range of 60 V allow a broad range of uses

Full ProBus integration eliminates

operator error like competitive probes with external power supplies

Accessories include variety of

different sized clips, hooks and leads

Closely spaced differential inputs

enable probing directly on header pins

Y lead accessory enables

connectivity to larger clips

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ZD500, ZD100 and ZD1500 Differential Probes

Wide dynamic range and low input
capacitance

Full ProBus integration enables

automatic gain setting and remote control

Innovative set of accessories for

wide range of probing applications including: Swivel tip vary tip spacing from
0.0 to .30 IC Leads insulated on one side to prevent shorting, compensation resistor on other for excellent signal fidelity

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Introducing the ZD Series Differential Probes

ZD200
Bandwidth Max Input (Differential) Common Mode Range CMRR Input Resistance Input Capacitance
200 MHz 20 V 60V 80 dB @ 60 Hz 50 dB@10MHz 250 kW (CM) 1M (DM) 3.5 pF (Differential)

ZD500
500 MHz 8 V (16Vpp) 10V 60 dB 50/60 Hz 40 dB 20 MHz 25 dB 500 MHz 50 kW (CM) 200 k (DM) 1.0 pF (Differential)

ZD1000
1 GHz 8 V (16Vpp) 10V 60 dB 50/60 Hz 40 dB 20 MHz 25 dB @ 1000 MHz 50 kW (CM) 200 k (DM) 1.0 pF (Differential)

ZD1500
1.5 GHz 8 V (16Vpp) 10V 60 dB 50/60 Hz 40 dB 20 MHz 25 dB @ 1500 MHz 50 kW (CM) 200 k (DM) 1.0 pF (Differential)

ZD200 specs and price make it a great fit for automotive customers
looking at differential signals like CAN or FlexRay No longer need to purchase large form factor, high voltage ADP305

Higher bandwidth ZD probes are ideal for higher speed serial data
signals like USB 2.0 ZD500 and ZD1000 replace AP033 and AP034
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Analysis tools of the WaveRunner HRO 6 Zi

Analysis Spectrum Multiple grids Pass Fail
LeCroy WaveRunner HRO 6 Zi

Yes 16 Std

Power
Serial Data Analysis Clock Jitter History Mode Measurement Trigger All instance measurements WaveScan Customization Rare event capture Speed Responsiveness

Yes
SDA II JitKit Standard Standard No Limit Std Full capability with XDEV Triggerscan Best in long memory processing Best in responsiveness

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LeCroy WaveRunner HRO 6 Zi Most debug and compliance tools

Market General Purpose Standard
I2C SPI I2S UART, RS-232 CAN LIN FlexRay MIL-STD-1553 ARINC 429 DigRF 3G DigRF v4 MIPI D-PHY 8b/10b USB 2.0 Ethernet

Decode Trigger

ProtoBus MAG QualiPHY ProtoSync Compliance (Measure/Graph)

Computi ng/ MIPI/ Mil/ Storage Mobile Aero

Auto

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Market Specifications

WaveRunner HRO 6 Zi

General Purpose

Resolution Bandwidth Memory Depth Sample Rate DC Gain Accuracy

12 bits 400-600 MHz Up to 256 MB 2 GS/s 0.5% FS

8 bits 200 MHz 1 GHz Up to 25 MB 5 GS/s 1.5% FS

Noise
Analysis

Good
Full

Average
Full

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Customer requirement statements

High Resolution Want a display but still want high resolution Want to capture wide voltage Range

8-bit Scope

Want to capture a 1 V change in 800 V signal

I need high DC accuracy with high resolution I need trigger solutions to capture narrow glitches I am willing to pay a few extra $k for a product that will give me the accuracy and bandwidth for general purpose applications I need to capture long records at low sample rates, but want tools to help me find subtle events I want to create math waveforms and analyze timing and current signals I need a display for my testing and will use the best resolution instrument for the lowest noise with a display

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Summary
12-bit resolution (15-bit resolution with ERES) 55 dB Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)
Signals with a low amplitude can be measured easy

0.5% DC Vertical Gain Accuracy 1 mV vertical Sensitivity @ full bandwidth Up to 400 V offset capability
8 bit scopes only have a range of 10 V

ERES limits the bandwidth and can modify the signal waveform
Better to use 12 bit without ERES than 8 bit with ERES for authentic
signal waveform rendering

Measurements of signal waveforms with big amplitudes are possible

without the reduction of a fine vertical resolution for a detailed view

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Thank you for your attention!

Any Questions?

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