WELCOME

what is leadership?
• “The ability to influence a group toward
the achievement of goals”
(Stephen P Robbins)
• “A social influence process in which the
leader seeks the voluntary participation of
subordinates in an effect to reach
organizational objectives”
(Schrieshen)
 CONTENT
• THE FIDLER MODEL

• SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP TEORY

• PATH-GOAL THEORY

• PARTICIPATION MODEL

• SUMMARY
Fiddler Contingency model
“The theory that explains
effective groups depend
upon a proper match
between leader’s styles
of interaction an the
degree to which the
situation gives control an
influence to the leader”
LEADERSHIP STYLES
• Least-preferred co-worker (LPC)
questionnaire
– Determines leadership style by
measuring responses to 16 pairs of
contrasting adjectives.
»High score: a relationship-
oriented leadership style
»Low score: a task-oriented
leadership style
 Identify the situation
Leader –member relation- Degree of
trust confidence and respect
members have in their leaders
Task structure- Degree to which job
tasks are procedurized,structured
and unstructured
Position power- the degree of
influence the leader has on the
power variables, like hiring, firing,
promotion, increment, disciplinary
action
Findings of the Fiedler Model
 Situational leadership
theory
• Develop by paul Hersey and ken Blanchard

• Situational leadership is contingency

theory that focused on the followers

• Successful leadership is achieved by

selecting the right leadership style, which
Hersey and Blanchard argue is contingent
on the level of the followers readiness
 HERSEY & BLANCHARD’S
SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP MODEL
 DIRECTING
– Leader decides on course of action and announces it.
– High task, low relationship.

COACHING
– Leader decides on course of action and sells it.
– High task, high relationship.

SUPPORTING
– Leader involves followers in the decision making
process.
– High relationship, low task.

DELIGATING
– Leader allows followers to decide/implement.
– Low relationship, low task
 Situational Leadership
Significance
• Hersey & Blanchard’s theory provides a useful
and understandable framework for situational
leadership.

• The model suggests that there is no one best

leadership style for all situations.

• Manager’s leadership style must be adaptable

and flexible to meet the changing needs of
employees and situation.
– Know your style.
– Match your style to follower maturity and
task situation.
 Path-Goal Theory of
Leadership
• Develop by Robert House.

• “ the theory that explains a leader

behavior is acceptable to subordinates in
so far as they view it as a source of either
immediate or future satisfaction”

• Effective leaders clarify the “path” for

followers to attain “goals”
 Types of leaders
• Directive leadership- characterized by a
leader who informs subordinates what is
expected of them and provides specific
guidance.

• Supportive Leadership- characterized by

a leader who is friendly and approachable
and shows concerns for the status, well-
being, and personal needs of the
subordinates.
• Participative leadership-characterized by
a leader who consults with subordinates
and asks for their suggestions before
making a decision.

• Achievement-oriented leadership-
characterized by a leader who sets
challenging goals, expected subordinates
to perform at best, and shows confidence
that subordinates will perform well
 THE PARTICIPATION
MODEL
• Victor Vroom and Phillip Yetton developed
a leader participation model.

• This model related leadership behavior

participation in decision making

• This theory based on a sequential set of

rules for determining the form and amount
of follower participation in decision making
in a given situation.
Leader Participation Model
-seven Contingencies
– Decision significance
– Importance of commitment
– Leader expertise
– Likelihood of commitment
– Group support
– Group expertise
– Team competence
 Leadership Styles in the
Participation Model
• Decide: Leader makes the decision alone
and either announces or sells it to group.
• Consult Individually: Leader presents the
problem to group members individually,
gets their suggestions, and then makes the
decision.
• Consult Group: Leader presents the
problem to group members in a meeting,
gets their suggestions, and then makes the
decision.
• Facilitate: Leader presents the problem to
the group in a meeting and, acting as
facilitator, defines the problem and the
boundaries within which a decision must be
made.

• Delegate: Leader permits the group to

make the decision within prescribed limits
 Summary
• THE FIDLER MODEL

• SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP
TEORY

• PATH-GOAL THEORY

• PARTICIPATION MODEL
THANK YOU