CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBITY

ASSIGNMENT GUIDED BY - MRS. JIGNA BHATT

PREPARED BY- PREETI KUMARI

INDEX
Assignment No 1 Companies performing corporate social responsibility Assignment No 2 - Meaning of monopoly and opposite of monopoly (in Terms of marketing) Assignment No 3 Brand Ambassador of Tata Tea Assignment No 4 The percentage of polycarbon in polythene and the composition of an ecofriendly polythene bag Assignment No 5 What do u mean by E-commerce ? Assignment No 6 Give a description of the following Green mountain coffee roaster Inc. Advanced Micro devices, Inc. Nike Inc. Motorola, Inc. Intel Corporation AVON 7. Assignment No 7 Identify the difference between Marketing and sales

ASSIGNMENT NO-1
Q1. Name few companies which perform Corporate social responsibility? Ans The companies are Johnson and Johnson Company profile Business sectors Founded in Headquarters Operating in Motivation

Health care 1886 New Brunswick, New jersey The companys CSR strategy is outline in Our Credo which was written more than 60 years Ago by General Robert Wood Johnson who was Chairman of the board. The Credo describes Johnson & Johnson responsibility towards its Customers ,employees ,community , shareholder General Robert Wood Johnson Education Public health Environment Arts and Disaster relief

Initiator of CSR CSR Focus on

 Johnson & Johnson has a proud record of active involvement in social investment programs in South Africa. They demonstrate commitment to corporate social responsibility in a number of ways, pioneering innovative programs and initiatives that address the core needs of less developed communities, and making a significant contribution in the fields of education and training, social welfare and healthcare . Furthermore , the company aims at reducing overall consumption of resources and covers important topics such as waste reduction, energy and water. Throughout their history , social responsibility has been an essential part of business. The responsibility takes many forms, including manufacturing high quality products, Protecting the environment, Promoting good health and safety at work and at home and addressing the needs of communities in which the companys employees live and work Their objective is to bridge the skills and education gap and help overcome critical socioeconomic, health and education challenges threatening the growth and well-being of the nation. Combating the HIV/Aids pandemic is a core focus area at both community and national level.

THE WALT DISNEY COMPANY

Company profile
Business sector Founded in Headquarters Motivation At Disney, it is believed that being a good corporate citizen is not just the right thing to do; it also benefits our guests, our employees and our businesses. It makes the Company a desirable place to work, reinforces the attractiveness of our brands and products and strengthens our bonds with consumers and neighbors in communities around the world. Three core principles help guide our daily decisions and actions: Act and create in an ethical manner, and consider the consequences of our decisions Champion the happiness and well-being of kids, parents, and families in our endeavors Inspire kids, parents, employees and communities to make a lasting, positive change in the world The Walt Disney Company today announced a landmark set of strategic environmental goals and challenging 3 to 5 year targets to reduce emissions, waste, electricity and fuel use, and its impact on water and ecosystems. The goals are part of Disney's 2008 Corporate Responsibility Report, which details the company's approach to critical corporate responsibility issues ranging from charitable giving to nutrition and from online safety for kids to workplace diversity. Entertainment. October 16,1923 Burbank, California, U.S

 "Disney's enhanced corporate responsibility efforts make our brands and products more attractive, strengthen our bonds with consumers, make the company a more desirable place to work and build goodwill in the communities we operate," said Disney president and CEO Robert A. Iger . "All of this contributes to shareholder value." The interactive multimedia report, now available online only at www.disney.com/crreport, provides a detailed snapshot of the company's philosophy and activities in five areas; children and family, content and products, environment, community and workplaces. Details include the company's first comprehensive greenhouse gas inventory and updates on Disney's pioneering policies on healthy food guidelines and smoking in films. Building on 20 years of work by Disney's environmental affairs department, the new goals and targets were formulated over the last two years by an Environmental Council of senior executives from across the company. Charged with developing and implementing sustainable strategies for Disney's impact on the environment, as well as ways to use the company's media reach to encourage positive action, the Council has taken a measured, scientific approach in analyzing company operations and crafting strategic objectives. "While Disney has always been a leader in environmental stewardship, we are taking ambitious steps to help preserve our planet for future generations," said Disney Senior Executive Vice President and CFO Thomas O. Staggs. The long-term environmental goals outlined in the report are: Zero waste, Zero net direct greenhouse gas emissions from fuels Reduce indirect greenhouse gas emissions from electricity consumption Minimize Water use .

KRAFT FOOD INC.

Company profile Business sector Founded in Headquarters Food processing Chicago 1903 Northfield, Illinois, U.S.

Motivation Hunger and malnutrition are the greatest threats to health and well-being around the world. Nearly one in every six people doesnt get enough to eat. As one of the worlds largest food companies, were committed to helping change that by fighting hunger and promoting healthy lifestyles. Over the past 25 years, weve donated more than $770 million in cash and food. Since 1997, weve provided more than one billion servings of food to those in need. And, through the Kraft Foods Foundation, we recently pledged $180 million over three years to get more food and better nutrition and information to children and families. To make the biggest impact possible, we work with non-profit organizations such as Feeding America in the U.S., and Save the Children in Southeast Asia. But its not just about the food you eat. Its about how you live. Thats why weve also helped develop healthy lifestyles programs for children in the U.S., Russia and many other places. Programs that get kids running and playing, making informed food choices, and preparing healthy snacks and meals.

 The Kraft Foods Foundation is partnering with Save the Children on a three-year Ready. Steady, Go healthy lifestyles program in Italy. Our three-year goal is to reach over 65,000 children, families and educators in 10 cities with nutrition education and improved access to physical activities through 2013. The project will focus on the restoration of both indoor and outdoor spaces and structures in areas with high social risk. The program will provide specialized education and training activities in order to promote sport, activity and nutritional education amongst children and adolescents. In Asia, Kraft Foods Foundation is also partnering with Save the Children to help Filipino and Indonesian families suffering from malnutrition. Since 2009, this three-year, $3 million commitment is supporting community-based meal distribution and nutrition education programs, which are reaching more than 180,000 children and families in regions where malnutrition has become even more acute with the global hunger crisis. Kraft Foods and its Foundation have also funded programs in Latin America. In Mexico, they generously contributed to a healthy lifestyles program, Alimentarnos Para VivirMejor, through 2009. Between 2004 and 2008, Kraft Foods funded programs in El Salvador and Guatemala to develop self-sustaining community-based childhood education and development programs.

MICROSOFT
Company profile Business sector Computer software Consumer electronics Digital distribution Computer hardware Video games IT consulting Online advertising Retail stores Automotive software Albuquerque, New Mexico (April 4, 1975) One Microsoft way , Redmond, Washington, United States

Founded in Headquarters Motivation

In order to support their offices in countries around the world, keeping staff outfitted with the necessary hardware and software is critical to the work of Save the Children. They are able to meet this need thanks in part to a very generous $4.5 million grant awarded by Microsoft for desktop and server upgrades in 2002. This grant is part of a Microsoft Community Affairs pilot program that encourages nonprofit organizations to use innovative technology solutions to improve their efficiency and effectiveness. In 2005, as part of a $41 million grant from Microsoft led by Net Hope, an online coalition of 23 international nonprofits, Save the Children received an in-kind software donation support for two years. Microsoft continues to collaborate with Save the Children in many areas, especially where its technology can improve the lives of the worlds most disadvantaged children. Most recently Microsoft supported Save the Children's emergency response efforts in Haiti.

 Microsoft is ranked on the 17th place in Greenpeaces Guide to Greener Electronics that ranks 18 electronics manufacturers according to their policies on toxic chemicals, recycling and climate change. Microsofts timeline for phasing out BFRs and phthalates in all products is 2012 but its commitment to phasing out PVC is not clear. As yet (January 2011) it has no products that are completely free from PVC and BFRs Microsoft's main U.S. campus received a silver certification from the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program in 2008, and it installed over 2,000 solar panels on top of its buildings in its Silicon Valley campus, generating approximately 15 percent of the total energy needed by the facilities in April 2005. Microsoft makes use of alternative forms of transit. It created one of the worlds largest private bus systems, the "Connector", to transport people from outside the company; for on-campus transportation, the "Shuttle Connect" uses a large fleet of hybrid cars to save fuel. The company also subsidizes regional public transport as an incentive. In February 2010 however, Microsoft took a stance against adding additional public transport and high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes to a bridge connecting Redmond to Seattle; the company did not want to delay the construction any further.

PEPSICO
Company profile

Business sector Founded in Headquarters

Motivation

Food and Beverages North Carolina, U.S. (1986) Purchase, New York, U.S.

PepsiCo Inc. is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Purchase, Harrison, New York, United States, with interests in the manufacturing, marketing and distribution of grain-based snack foods, beverages, and other products. PepsiCo was formed in 1965 with the merger of the Pepsi-Cola Company and Frito-Lay,In 2009, The main recipients of grants as part of the refresh project are community organizations with a local focus and nonprofit organizations, such as a high school in Michigan which as a result of being selected received $250,000 in 2010 towards construction of a fitness room for high school students. Following the Gulf of Mexico oil spill which occurred in the spring of 2010, PepsiCo donated $1.3 million to grant winners in determined by popular vote. As of October, 2010, the company had provided a cumulative total of $11.7 million in funding, spread across 287 ideas of participant projects from 203 cities in North America.[60] In late 2010, the refresh project was reported to be expanding to include countries outside of North America in 2011. Sustainability practices According to its 2009 annual report, PepsiCo states that it is committed to delivering sustainable growth by investing in a healthier future for people and our planet, which it has defined in its mission statement since 2006 as Performance with Purpose. According to news and magazine coverage on the subject in 2010, the objective of this initiative is to increase the number and variety of healthier food and beverage products made available to its customers, employ a reduction in the companys environmental impact, and to facilitate diversity and healthy lifestyles within its employee base Its activities in regards to the pursuit of its goals namely environmental impacts of production and the nutritional composition of its products have been the subject of recognition from health and environmental advocates and organizations, and at times have raised concerns among its critics. As the result of a more recent focus on such efforts, critics consider (PepsiCo) to be perhaps the most proactive and progressive of the food companies", according to former New York Times food industry writer Melanie Warner in 2010.

Water usage (India, U.S., U.K.)

PepsiCos usage of water was the subject of controversy in India in the early and mid 2000s in part because of the companys alleged impact on water usage in a country where water shortages are a perennial issue. In this setting, PepsiCo was perceived by India-based environmental organizations as a company that diverted water to manufacture a discretionary product, making it a target for critics at the time.
As a result, in 2003 PepsiCo launched a country-wide program to achieve a positive water balance in India by 2009. In 2007, PepsiCos CEO Indra Nooyi made a trip to India to address water usage practices in the country, prompting prior critic Sunita Narain , director of the Centre for Science & Environment (CSE), to note that PepsiCo "seem(s) to be doing something serious about water now." According to the companys 2009 corporate citizenship report,[62] as well as media reports at the time, the company (in 2009) replenished nearly six billion liters of water within India, exceeding the aggregate water intake of approximately five billion liters by PepsiCos India manufacturing facilities. Water usage concerns have arisen at times in other countries in which PepsiCo operates. In the U.S., water shortages in certain regions resulted in increased scrutiny on the companys production facilities, which were cited in media reports as being among the largest water users in cities facing drought such as Atlanta, Georgia. In response, the company formed partnerships with non-profit organizations such as the Earth Institute and Water.org, and in 2009 began cleaning new Gatorade bottles with purified air instead of rinsing with water, among other water conservation practices. In the United Kingdom, also in response to regional drought conditions, PepsiCo snacks brand Walkers' reduced water usage at its largest potato chip facility by 45 percent between the years 2001 and 2008. In doing so, the factory employed machinery which captured the water naturally contained in potatoes, and used that water to largely offset the need to bring in outside water to the factory.

Energy usage and carbon footprint

PepsiCo, along with other manufacturers in its industry, has drawn criticism from environmental advocacy groups for the production and distribution of plastic product packaging, which consumed an additional 1.5 billion gallons of petrochemicals in 2008. These critics have also expressed apprehension over the production volume of plastic packaging, which results in the emission of carbon dioxide. Beginning largely in 2006, PepsiCo began development of more efficient means of producing and distributing its products using less energy, while also placing a focus on emissions reduction. In a comparison of 2009 energy usage with recorded usage in 2006, the companys per-unit use of energy was reduced by 16 percent in its beverage plants and 7 percent in snack plants In 2009, Tropicana (owned by PepsiCo) was the first brand in the U.S. to determine the carbon footprint of its orange juice product, as certified by the Carbon Trust, an outside auditor of carbon emissions. Also in 2009, PepsiCo began the test deployment of so-called green vending machines, which reduce energy usage by 15 percent in comparison to average models in use. It developed these machines in coordination with Greenpeace, which described the initiative as transforming the industry in a way that is going to be more climate-friendly to a great degree.

APPLE
Company profile
Business sector Computer hardware Computer software Consumer electronics Digital distribution April 1, 1976 Apple Campus, Cupertino, California, U.S

Founded Headquarters

Motivation
Greenpeace, an environmental organization, has confronted Apple on various environmental issues, including promoting a global end-of-life take-back plan, non-recyclable hardware components, and toxins within the iPhone hardware. Since 2003 they have campaigned against Apple regarding their chemical policies, in particular the inclusion of PVC and BFRs in their products, both of which have serious negative health effects. At the 2007 Macworld Expo, Greenpeace presented a critique of Apple. Rick Hind, the legislative director of Greenpeace's toxics campaign, said, "(The company) is getting greener, but not green enough." Hind commented further, "The MacBook Air has less toxic PVC plastic and less toxic BFRs, but it could have zero and that would make Apple an eco-leader." On May 2, 2007, Steve Jobs released a report announcing plans to eliminate PVC and BFRs by the end of 2008. Apple has since eliminated PVC and BFRs across its product range. It became the first laptop maker to remove PVC and BFRs. In Greenpeace's Guide to Greener Electronics that scores electronics manufacturers on their policies regarding toxic chemicals, recycling and climate change, Apple ranked 9th out of 18 leading electronic makers in October 2010 with a score of 4.9/10 (securing the same score as in the previous version of the guide, however slipping 4 places down the ranking) Greenpeace criticizes for example that Apple does not provide information about its management of chemicals and its supply chain communications. Apple also continues to score poorly in the Greenpeace's guide for the minimal information it provides about its future toxic chemical phase-out plans. In the first edition, released in August 2006, Apple scored 2.7/10.

In 2010, Climate Counts, a nonprofit organization dedicated to directing consumers toward the greenest companies, gave Apple a score of 52 points out of a possible 100, which puts Apple in their top category "Striding". This was an increase from May 2008, when Climate Counts only gave Apple 11 points out of a 100, which placed the company last among electronics companies, at which time Climate Counts also labeled Apple with a "stuck icon", adding that Apple at the time was "a choice to avoid for the climate conscious consumer". The Environmental Protection Agency rates Apple highest amongst producers of notebook computers, and fairly well compared to producers of desktop computers and LCD displays.

In June 2007, Apple upgraded the MacBook Pro, replacing cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) backlit LCD displays with mercury-free LED backlit LCD displays and arsenic-free glass, and has since done this for all notebooks. Apple has also phased out BFRs and PVCs from various internal components. Apple also offers detailed information about the emissions, materials, and electrical usage of each product.
In June 2009, Apple's iPhone 3GS was free of PVC, arsenic, BFRs and had an efficient power adapter. In October 2009, Apple upgraded the iMac and MacBook, replacing the cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) backlit LCD displays with mercury-free LED backlit LCD displays and arsenic-free glass. This means all Apple computers have mercury free LED backlit displays, arsenic-free glass and are without PVC cables. All Apple computers also have EPEAT Gold status.

KELLOGE
Company profile
Business sector
Founded Headquarters

Food processing
1906 Battle Creek, Michigan, United States

Motivation
Kellogg Company has a rich history of corporate social responsibility, a history that has grown and evolved to meet the complexities of todays business world and the challenges of a global society. Our founder, W.K. Kellogg, sought to invest my money in people. That legacy continues to guide our company and our people. Social responsibility is a way of life at Kellogg. It means investing in and enriching our communities. It means encouraging employee volunteerism. But it means much more. Our commitment to being a good corporate citizen also includes: Protecting our environment. Selling nutritious products and advocating healthy lifestyles. Acting with integrity and adhering to the highest ethical standards. Promoting diversity in our work force and partnering with diverse suppliers. Ensuring a safe , healthy workplace. The founder of Kellogg, W.K. Kellogg had a passion for community and humanity. His legacy of giving continues at Kellogg Company today. They care about communities and believe in investing in them Based on there heritage and business, they have chosen to focus on three major areas: Helping Children and Youth Reach their Potential. Improving Opportunities for Minorities and Women. Strengthening Communities.

Our employees make a difference in their local communities. They volunteer and participate in wideranging charitable activities. We support their involvement through several programs, including Kellogg Care$, an employee and retiree volunteer program that recognizes volunteer efforts with a financial contribution to eligible nonprofit organizations. Employees and retirees also take advantage of our matching grant program. Kellogg Company provides a dollar-for-dollar match of employee gifts to qualified educational, cultural and environmental organizations . Acting ethically is not just a core part of their heritage its a key part of who they are today. their commitment to continuing the legacy that Mr. Kellogg entrusted to us is outlined in our Global Code of Ethics. Employees must read and adhere to these standards. And we expect everyone we do business with to demonstrate high standards of ethical business behavior as well. Through their Global Code of Ethics, our employees understand that: We are firmly committed to the fair and equitable treatment of all our employees and job applicants. Customers and consumers expect more from Kellogg Company and it is every employees job to make sure Kellogg meets their expectations. Investors count on Kellogg to deliver on its commitments, provide accurate information about its affiliates and to make responsible business decisions based on reliable records. Kellogg believes in doing business with suppliers, contractors, joint venture partners, agents, sales representatives, distributors and consultants who embrace and demonstrate high standards of ethical behavior. We actively seek opportunities to contribute to the communities in which we do business, and to improve the environment that sustains us all.

GOOGLE
Company profile
Business sector
Founded Headquarters 1

Internet Computer software

Menlo Park, California (January 1996) 600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California United states.

Motivation
In 2004, Google formed the not-for-profit philanthropic Google.org, with a start-up fund of $1 billion. The mission of the organization is to create awareness about climate change, global public health, and global poverty. One of its first projects was to develop a viable plug-in hybrid electric vehicle that can attain 100 miles per gallon. Google hired Dr. Larry Brilliant as the program's executive director in 2004 and the current director is Megan Smith. In 2008 Google announced its "project 10100" which accepted ideas for how to help the community and then allowed Google users to vote on their favorites. After two years of silence, during which many wondered what had happened to the program, Google revealed the winners of the project, giving a total of ten million dollars to various ideas ranging from non-profit organizations that promote education to a website that intends to make all legal documents public and online. In 2011, Google donated 1 million euros to International Mathematical Olympiad to support the next five annual International Mathematical Olympiads (20112015).Google China Social Innovation Cup for College Students" is a nationwide competition that aims to empower Chinas youth to become agents of social change. By soliciting project ideas from college students and funding viable proposals, we hope to instill in Chinas future leaders the values of social responsibility, the importance of community welfare, and the spirit of self-empowerment. Among all colleges and universities that participate in the competition, 100 of them that top in the number of proposal submission will share 500 Google "Campus Volunteer Stars" Scholarships every year.

The second Social Innovation Cup in 2009 continued to gain awareness among college students with 6,252 applications from 766 colleges and universities, among which 1,181 proposals from 377 schools entered into the semi-finals. 29 proposals were selected as the winning projects who received Google's funds to run their projects during the summer of 2009. In 2010, the competition has entered its third year with much bigger coverage and impact. Among the 18,200 proposals from 1,060 schools, 1,511 proposals from 506 schools has made to the semi-final round. 28 student teams were selected to be funded to run their projects in 2010 summer. Now in 2011 the fourth episode of the competition kicked off with an even broader coverage and a higher nationwide recognition. Among the 20,600 proposals from 1,278 colleges and universities, 3,326 proposals from 677 schools made their way into the semi-finals and 310 proposals from 172 schools into the finals. Winner teams, approximately 40 expected, that stand out in the end will run their projects in 2011 summer with Google awards ranging from 20,000 to 80,000 RMB. At 2:28 pm on May 12th, 2008, a 8.0 magnitude earthquake struck Sichuan province in Western China, claiming the lives of tens of thousands. Amidst the chaos and despair, Googles various departments mobilized immediately to support rescue and relief efforts. To support the vast and urgent need for material resources, Google and its employees raised over 18 million RMB (USD 2.6mm) and donated over 7 million RMB (USD 1.02mm) s worth of free online advertising to earthquake relief organizations. At the same time, Google also developed a communication platform that included an information platform for resource support, a search platform for families looking for lost relatives, and a global platform for charitable donations. Google Maps also provided Chinas State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping with satellite images of quakeaffected regions to better aid and direct rescue efforts. In early September 2008, Google funded construction of 15 Google Quake Relief Hope Schools in the city of Mianyang in Sichuan province, helping 18,184 elementary and high school students to return to the classroom.

ASSIGNMENT NO-2
Q2. Describe the meaning of Monopoly and its synonym in terms of marketing point of view? Ans - Monopoly stands (from Greek monos / (alone or single) + polein / (to sell)) exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity. (This contrasts with a monopsony which relates to a single entity's control of a market to purchase a good or service, and with oligopoly which consists of a few entities dominating an industry)[Clarification needed] Monopolies are thus characterized by a lack of economic competition to produce the good or service and a lack of viable substitute goods. Monopoly has considerable although not unlimited market power. A monopoly has the power to set prices or quantities although not both. A monopoly is a price maker. The monopoly is the market and prices are set by the monopolist based on his circumstances and not the interaction of demand and supply. The two primary factors determining monopoly market power are the company's demand curve and its cost structure. Although a monopoly's market power is great it is still limited by the demand side of the market. A monopoly has a negatively sloped demand curve, not a perfectly inelastic curve. Consequently, any price increase will result in the loss of some customers. Examples of monopolies The salt commission, a legal monopoly in China formed during 758.

ASSIGNMENT NO-3
Q3. Name the brand ambassador of Tata tea?

Ans - The list of personalities who have been Tata Tea brand ambassadors includes film stars Juhi Chawla , Anu Agarwal and Sonali Bendre. One of the earliest commercials for Tata Tea, in the mid1980s, featured renowned Bollywood actor Amjad Khan . But it is not easy. One has to worry about the brands value proposition in co-relation to the brand ambassador. If the brand ambassador is overplaying the product value proposition, it is important to change the ambassador, says Piyush Pandey, executive chairman and national creative director, Ogilvy & Mather India.
According to Subhash Kamat, managing partner of BBH, brand ambassadors need to be changed to refresh the brand communication. He cites the example of Tata Teas Taj campaign which had Zakir Hussain for 15 years. The brand got stuck to its association with Zakir and it took them a long time to break out of it .experts say celebrity endorsements surely help in magnifying a campaign, but what needs to be remembered is that celebrity endorsement is a means to an end, not an end in itself. A celebrity is generally used to impart credibility and aspiration to a brand, but the celebrity needs to have a perfect fit with the brand. Tata Tea was one of the first Indian brands to use the taazgi (freshness) platform in the foods category. In 1999/00, Tata Tea received the Helen Keller award from the National Centre of Promotion of Employment for Disabled People for its efforts in helping people with disabilities.

ASSIGNMENT NO-4
Q4. What is the percentage of polycarbonate in polythene and the composition of biodegradable polythene ? Ans - Polycarbonate plastic is a lightweight, high-performance plastic that possesses a unique balance of toughness, dimensional stability, optical clarity, high heat resistance and excellent electrical resistance. Because of these attributes, polycarbonate is used in a wide variety of common products including digital media (e.g. CDs, DVDs), electronic equipment, automobiles, construction glazing, sports safety equipment and medical devices. The durability, shatter-resistance and heat-resistance of polycarbonate also make it an ideal choice for tableware as well as reusable bottles and food storage containers that can be conveniently used in the refrigerator and microwave (APME). Bisphenol A (BPA) is a key building block of polycarbonate plastic.

Polycarbonates received their name because they are polymers containing carbonate groups (O(C=O)O). Most polycarbonates of commercial interest are derived from rigid monomers. A balance of useful features including temperature resistance, impact resistance and optical properties position polycarbonates between commodity plastics and engineering plastics. Biodegradable plastics are plastics that will decompose in natural aerobic (composting) and anaerobic (landfill) environments. Biodegradation of plastics can be achieved by enabling microorganisms in the environment to metabolize the molecular structure of plastic films to produce an inert humus-like material that is less harmful to the environment. They may be composed of either bioplastics, which are plastics whose components are derived from renewable raw materials, or petroleum-based plastics which utilize an additive. The use of bio-active compounds compounded with swelling agents ensures that, when combined with heat and moisture, they expand the plastic's molecular structure and allow the bio-active compounds to metabolize and neutralize the plastic.

ASSIGMENT NO-5
Q5. What do you mean by E-Commerce? Ans - Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce, ecommerce or e-comm , refers to the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. However, the term may refer to more than just buying and selling products online. It also includes the entire online process of developing, marketing, selling, delivering, servicing and paying for products and services. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily with widespread Internet usage. The use of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at one point in the transaction's life-cycle, although it may encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail, mobile devices and telephones as well. A large percentage of electronic commerce is conducted entirely in electronic form for virtual items such as access to premium content on a website, but mostly electronic commerce involves the transportation of physical items in some way. Online retailers are sometimes known as e-tailers and online retail is sometimes known as e-tail. Almost all big retailers are now electronically present on the World Wide Web. Electronic commerce that takes place between businesses is referred to as business-to-business or B2B. B2B can be open to all interested parties (e.g. commodity exchange) or limited to specific, pre-qualified participants (private electronic market). Electronic commerce that takes place between businesses and consumers, on the other hand, is referred to as business-to-consumer or B2C. This is the type of electronic commerce conducted by companies such as Amazon.com. Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce where the buyer is directly online to the seller's computer usually via the internet. There is no intermediary service involved. The sale or purchase transaction is completed electronically and interactively in real-time such as in Amazon.com for new books. However in some cases, an intermediary may be present in a sale or purchase transaction such as the transactions on eBay.com.

ASSIGNMENT NO-6
Q6. Differentiate between Marketing and sales? Ans Marketing :Marketing is the process used to determine what products or services may be of interest to customers, and the strategy to use in sales, communications and business development. It generates the strategy that underlies sales techniques, business communication, and business developments. It is an integrated process through which companies build strong customer relationships and create value for their customers and for themselves. Marketing is used to identify the customer, satisfy the customer, and keep the customer. With the customer as the focus of its activities, marketing management is one of the major components of business management. Marketing evolved to meet the stasis in developing new markets caused by mature markets and overcapacities in the last 2-3 centuries. The adoption of marketing strategies requires businesses to shift their focus from production to the perceived needs and wants of their customers as the means of staying profitable. Sales A sale is the act of selling a product or service in return for money or other compensation. It is an act of completion of a commercial activity. The seller or salesperson the provider of the goods or services completes a sale in response to an acquisition or to an appropriation or to a request. To be precise the sale completes prior to the payment and gives rise to the obligation of payment. If the seller completes the first two above stages (consent and passing ownership) of the sale prior to settlement of the price, the sale remains valid and gives rise to an obligation to pay.

ASSIGNMENT NO-7
Company profile Traded as NASDAQ: GMCR Founded Waitsfield, Vermont, U.S. (1981) Headquarters Waterbury, Vermont, U.S. Green Mountain Coffee Roasters is a publicly-traded brand of coffee based at Waterbury in the U.S. state of Vermont. The brand specializes in organic, fair trade, and specialty gourmet coffees. Keurig is a wholly owned subsidiary of Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, Inc., and sells many of their coffee varieties as K-Cups. In June 2009, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters had annual revenue exceeding $715 million. Green Mountain Coffee Roasters was ranked #1 in "The Best Corporate Citizens" in 2006 and 2007. In October 2002, Green Mountain signed an agreement to sell fair trade coffee under the Newman's Own Organics label. Green Mountain Coffee Roasters has contributed at least five percent of its pre-tax profit annually to support initiatives that it considers socially responsible. Green Mountain Coffee Roasters has been ranked No. 1 on the list of "100 Best Corporate Citizens," now published by CRO magazine, in 2006 and 2007. In July 2006, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters launched an all-natural paper hot beverage cup. Produced in partnership with Nature Works and International Paper, the cup is lined with a bioplastic made from sugar a 100% natural and renewable resource. In May 2007, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters and International Paper were recognized with a 2007 Sustainability Award from the Specialty Coffee Association of America for their partnership that resulted in the eco-tainer cup.

1. Green Mountain Coffee Roaster Inc.

2. Advance Micro Device

Company profile Industry Founded Headquarters Semiconductors 1969 One AMD Place, Sunnyvale, California, U.S.

Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. or AMD is an American multinational semiconductor company based in Sunnyvale, California, that develops computer processors and related technologies for commercial and consumer markets. Its main products include microprocessors, motherboard chipsets, embedded processors and graphics processors for servers, workstations and personal computers, and embedded systems applications.
AMD is the second-largest global supplier of microprocessors based on the x86 architecture and also one of the largest suppliers of graphics processing units. It also owns 8.6% of Spans ion, a supplier of non-volatile flash memory. In 2010, AMD ranked twelfth among semiconductor manufacturers in terms of revenue.

3. Nike Inc.
Company Profile Industry Founded Headquarters Clothing and Sports equipment 1964 (as Blue Ribbon Sports) Washington County, Oregon, U.S (Near Beaverton, Oregon) Nike, Inc. (pronounced /naki/; NYSE: NKE) is a major publicly traded sportswear and equipment supplier based in the US. It is the world's leading supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment with revenue in excess of US$18.6 billion in its fiscal year 2008 (ending May 31, 2008). The consistently growing [textile industry] often negatively impacts the environment. Because Nike is a large participant in this manufacturing, many of their processes negatively contribute to the environment. One way the expanding textile industry affects the environment is by increasing its water deficit, climate change, pollution, and fossil fuel and raw material consumption. In addition to this, today's electronic textile plants spend significant amounts of energy, while also producing a throw-away mindset due to trends founded upon fast fashion and cheap clothing. Although these combined effects can negatively alter the environment, Nike tries to counteract their influence with different projects. According to a New England-based environmental organization Clean Air-Cool Planet, Nike ranks among the top 3 companies (out of 56) on a survey conducted about climate-friendly companies. Nike has also been praised for its Nike Grind program (which closes the product lifecycle) by groups like Climate Counts. In addition to this, one campaign that Nike began for Earth Day 2008 was a commercial that featured Steve Nash wearing Nike's Trash Talk Shoe, a shoe that had been constructed in February 2008 from pieces of leather and synthetic leather waste that derived from the factory floor. The Trash Talk Shoe also featured a sole composed of ground-up rubber from a shoe recycling program. Nike claims this is the first performance basketball shoe that has been created from manufacturing waste, but it only produced 5,000 pairs for sale.

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4. MOTOROLA, INC.
Telecommunications September 25, 1928 1303 East Algonquin Road, Schaumburg, Illinois, U.S

Motorola, Inc., along with the Arizona Water Co. has been identified as the sources of trichloroethylene (TCE) contamination that took place in Scottsdale, Arizona. The malfunction led to a ban on the use of water that lasted three days and affected almost 5000 people in the area. Motorola was found to be the main source of the TCE, an industrial solvent that is thought to cause cancer. The TCE contamination was caused by a faulty blower on an air stripping tower that was used to take TCE from the water, and Motorola has attributed the situation to operator error. Motorola ranks 6th out of 18 leading electronics manufacturers in Greenpeaces Guide to Greener Electronics of October 2010 (the company shares 6th place with its competitors Panasonic and Sony). Motorola scores relatively well on the chemicals criteria and has a goal to eliminate PVC vinyl plastic and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), though only in mobile devices and not in all its products introduced after 2010, despite the fact that Sony Ericsson and Nokia are already there. All of its mobile phones are now PVC-free and it has two PVC and BFR-free mobile phones, the A45 ECO and the GRASP; all chargers are also free from PVC and BFRs. The company is also increasing the proportion of recycled materials that is used in its products. For example the housing for the MOTO W233 Renew and MOTOCUBO A45 Eco mobile phones contains plastic from post-consumer recycled water cooler bottles. According to the companys information all of Motorolas newly designed chargers meet the current Energy Star requirements and exceed the requirements for standby/ no-load modes by at least 67%.

Company Profile Industry Founded Headquarters

5. INTEL CORPORATION
Semiconductors Mountain View, California, US (July 18, 1968) Santa Clara, California, U.S.

Intel Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Santa Clara, California, United States and the world's largest semiconductor chip maker, based on revenue. It is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in most personal computers. Intel was founded on July 18, 1968, as Integrated Electronics Corporation (though a common misconception is that "Intel" is from the word intelligence). Intel also makes motherboard chipsets, network interface controllers and integrated circuits, flash memory, graphic chips, embedded processors and other devices related to communications and computing. In 2003, there were 1.4 tons of carbon tetrachloride measured from one of Intel's many acid scrubbers. However, Intel reported no release of carbon tetrachloride for all of 2003. Intel's facility in Rio Rancho, New Mexico overlooks a nearby village, and the hilly contours of its location create a setting for chemical gases heavier than air to move along arroyos and irrigation ditches in that village. Release of chemicals in such an environment reportedly caused adverse effects in both animals and humans. Deceased dogs in the area were found to have high levels of toluene, hexane, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers in lungs. More than 1,580 pounds (720 kg) of VOC were released in June and July 2006, the company stated. Intels environmental performance is published annually in their corporate responsibility report.In Rio Rancho, New Mexico, Intel is the leading employer. In 1997, a community partnership between Sandoval County and Intel Corporation funded and built Rio Rancho High School.

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Industry Founded Headquarters

6. AVON CORPORATION
Cosmetics 1886 New York City, New York, U.S.

In addition to its corporate pursuits, the Avon corporation is involved in philanthropic causes. The Avon Foundation for Women, an accredited 501 public charity, is the largest corporate-affiliated philanthropy for women in the world. Avon founded the Avon Foundation for Women with its first grant, a $400 scholarship, in 1955. Avon was committed to helping women achieve their highest potential of economic opportunity and self-fulfillment by empowering them through scholarships and support for other forms of educational and occupational training and advancement. Women's empowerment continued to be the focus through the early 1990s when Avon began to increase its philanthropy with a new emphasis on breast cancer. The Avon Foundation still awards scholarships for Avon Sales Representatives and their families, as well as for the children of Avon associates. The Avon Foundation is currently focused on two key causes: breast cancer and domestic violence.