DYEING DEFECTS

Dr. Nilanjana Bairagi

Shade variation

Colour difference ( E) is more than the accepted limit.

Defects Description

COLOUR STAIN : Type of a stain occurring on the fabric due to patch/spot of another dye. DRAIN MARKS : Change in shade (Looks Yellowed or Brown or Lighter) on the fold of the Fabric. END MARKS : The change in the shade on the end of the full length is called end mark.

LISTING MARKS : Shade is the darker near selvedge than the surface of the fabric is known as listing mark. MOIRE :When the surface of the fabric looks lighter and darker in circle form is moire. OXIDATION MARKS : It is a type of stain observed in the vat dyed fabric. PATCHY DYEING : When the shade of the fabric found uneven,lighter darker called patchy dyeing. Examples Big stain due to dyestuffs, chemicals, water, etc.

STREAKINESS : If the solidity of the fabric looks poor, is called streakiness. DYEING CREASES : Coloured creases on the fabric. FABRIC DAMAGED : Any type of damaged for Example Holes, Component damage, Selvedge Damage etc.

WHITE CREASES : Shining due to mechanical friction on the fabric, it known as White creases. It is visible as a long line. CENTRE TO SELVEDGE : Change in shade from centre to selvedge. (Shade of the fabric is not same in the centre as compared to the selvedge.)
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BOWING :Weft becomes bow type or monogram of both the selvedge not in same line. CHEMICAL PATCHES : Chemical stains observed on the fabric. DRAIN MARKS : Colour migration. CREASES : Any fold. INSECT SPOTS : Insects spots on fabric.
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PROCESSING DAMAGE : Any type of damage from shearing, stenter, press or any machine. SOILING MARKS : Any type of dust in fabric. COLOUR CONTACT : Other colour spot comes on fabric. SINGEING BAND : Improper burning of fibers from fabric surface due to fold in the fabric or problem in flame.
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STAINS :Any type of stains on fabric like Oil, Grease, etc. WATER MARKS : Water dropping mark on fabric. WRAPPER MARKS : Wrapper impression on fabric END MARKS : Mark of fabric joint. ABRASION : Any type of abrasion from roll or any parts of machine.

 Crease Streak : Occurs in tubular knits. Results from creased fabric passing through squeeze rollers in the dyeing process. SHEARING DAMAGE : Any type of damage from cutter of shearing. STENTER DAMAGE : Damage due to pin or fabric entanglement from delivery side of machine. CORINO DAMAGE : Pin damage or fabric tear due to tension.

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SCOURING DAMAGE : Any type of damage due to scouring rolls or any other particles inside the machine. PILLING :Balls formation on the fabric surface. SHRINKAGE : Elongation on any machine may cause if fabric is wetted in hot detergent solution. ROTARY DAMAGE : Any damage due to any particles goes inside the machine.
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Printing defects

Broken Color Pattern : Usually caused by printing out of place

Color Out : the result of color running low in reservoir on printing machine.

Color Smear : The result of color being smeared during printing.

Crease Mark : differs from crease streak in that streak will probably appear for an entire roll. Crease mark appears where creases are caused by fabric folds in the finishing process. On napped fabric, final pressing may not be able to restore fabric or original condition. Often discoloration is a problem.

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Dye Streak In Printing : Results from a damaged doctor blade or a blade not cleaned properly. Usually a long streak until the operator notices the problem. Printing Machine Stop : Dye or ink smudged along width of fabric as a result of the printing machine stopping.

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Print Out of Repair : Caused by print rollers not being synchronized properly. This results in various colors of the design not being printed in the proper position. Water Spots : Usually caused by wet fabric being allowed to remain too long before drying: color migrates leaving blotchy spots. COLOUR SUBLIMATION : Colour migration due to steam.
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