Rahul Kumar B Electrical Dept. ABHIJEET PROJECTS LIMITED Mail: bagadirahul@gmail.

com

 Cooling

towers are heat removal device used to transfer waste heat to the atmosphere.

 NATURAL

DRAFT

NATURAL DRAFT CROSS FLOW NATURAL DRAFT COUNTER FLOW

MECHANICAL

DRAFT

INDUCED DRAFT
INDUCED DRAFT CROSS FLOW INDUCED DRAFT, SINGLE FLOW CROSS FLOW TOWER INDUCED DRAFT, DOUBLE FLOW CROSS FLOW TOWER INDUCED DRAFT COUNTER FLOW

FORCED DRAFT

Hot air moves through tower.

Fresh cool air is drawn into the tower from bottom.

No fan required.
Concrete tower nearly 200 m.

Used for large heat duties.

 Air drawn across falling water Fill located outside tower

Air drawn up through falling water Fill located inside tower

Cross flow

Mechanical draft, which uses power driven fan motors to force or draw air through the tower. Large fans to force air through circulated water Can be grouped, e.g. 8-cell tower

Types of Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower

INDUCED

DRAFT COOLING TOWER. FORCED DRAFT COOLING TOWER.

mechanical draft tower with a fan at the discharge which pulls air through tower.
fan induces hot moist air out the discharge.

The

 Types

of Induced Draft Cooling Tower.

INDUCED DRAFT CROSS FLOW

 Hot

water enters at the top Uses Induced Draft Fan.

 Air blown through tower by centrifugal fan at air inlet Advantages: Suited for high air resistance due to Centrifugal fans Disadvantages: recirculation due to high air-entry and low air-exit velocities

 Range
Approach Effectiveness Cooling

capacity loss

Evaporation Cycle Blow

of Concentration Down Losses

Difference between cooling water inlet and outlet temperature:

Range

Hot Water Temperature (In)

Range (C) = CW inlet temp CW outlet temp

High range = good performance Range=(42.4)-33 =9.4C

(In) to the Tower (Out) from the Tower

Cold Water Temperature (Out) Approach

Wet Bulb Temperature (Ambient)

Range

Difference between cooling tower outlet cold water temperature and ambient wet bulb temperature:

Hot Water Temperature (In)

Low approach = good performance

APPROACH= 33-29 = 4C

Approach

Approach (C) = CW outlet temp Wet bulb temp

(In) to the Tower (Out) from the Tower

Cold Water Temperature (Out) Wet Bulb Temperature (Ambient)

Effectiveness in % = Range / (Range + Approach)

Range

Hot Water Temperature (In)

= 100 x (CW temp CW out temp) / (CW in temp Wet bulb temp) High effectiveness = good performance EFFECTIVENESS= = {9.4/(9.4+4)}*100 = 70.14%

(In) to the Tower (Out) from the Tower

Approach

Cold Water Temperature (Out) Wet Bulb Temperature (Ambient)

Heat rejected in k Cal/hr or tons of refrigeration (TR)

= mass flow rate of water X specific heat X temperature difference

High cooling capacity = good performance

WET BULB TEMPARATURE: The minimum temp to which water can be cooled is the wet bulb temp. of the ambient air.

Water quantity (m3/hr) evaporated for cooling duty = theoretically, 1.8 m3 for every 10,000,000 k Cal heat rejected

= 0.00085 x 1.8 x circulation rate (m3/hr) x (T1-T2)

T1-T2 = Temperature difference between inlet and outlet water EVAPORATION LOSS = 1.57%

Ratio of dissolved solids in circulating water to the dissolved solids in make up water

Depend on cycles of concentration and the evaporation losses

Blow Down = Evaporation Loss / (C.O.C. 1)

DRIFT LOSSES :Drift is the fine water droplets entrained & carried by the air

Type No's of Tower No's of cells/Tower Structure Type of fill

Induced Draught Counter flow : 2 : 12 (11 W + 1 S) : RCC : PVC Film type

Capacity, Hot Water Temperature Cold Water Temperature Wet Bulb Temperature Evaporation Loss % Drift Loss Maximum % Nominal Dimensions Width Length Height

: 40,000 cum/hr : 42.4 C : 33.0 C : 29 C : 1.57 : 0.02

: 16.56 mtr : 176.64 mtr : 14.20 mtr

 One

plus an additional one for each 300 m2 One for each 30 m of perimeter of the structure protected. Condition 1:
Area of Cooling Tower = 176.64 x 16.56 = 2925.1584 Sq Mtrs Number of Down Conductors = 1 + (2925.1584-100)/300 = 10.42 No's ~ 11 Nos
Condition

2:

The perimeter of Cooling Tower = 2 (176.64 + 16.56) = 386.4 Mtrs Number of Down Conductors = 386.4/30 =12.88 No's ~ 13 No's 12 down conductors are to be considered

No of Motors Make

: 13(11W+1 Stand by+1 Spare) : MARATHON ELECTRIC MOTORS(INDIA) LIMITED Output : 75KW (100HP) Phase : 3 Voltage : 440 V Frequency : 50 Hz Sync. Speed : 1500 rpm Duty : S1 Full Load amps : 128Amps Insulation Class : F

Cooling Towers
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