Presented by:

ShubhamKhandelwal
Anshul Carg
Anshumaan |alethIa
AbhInshu Cupta
P%he freepIston engIne Is a lInear, 'crankless'
combustIon engIne, In whIch the pIston
motIon Is not controlled by a crankshaft but
Is a result of the InteractIon of forces from
the combustIon cylInder gases, a rebound
devIce(e.g., a pIston In a closed cylInder)
and a load devIce(e.g. a gas compressor or a
lInear alternator).
P%he freepIston dIesel engIne concept was
developed by Pescara, and engInes of varIous sIze
were manufactured between 19J01960 by C|,
Ford, Fenault, Junker, SIgma and others.
Ceneral motor XP500
Pt Is a combInatIon of recIprocatIng engIne and a
rotary turbIne.
P%he basIc confIguratIon of freepIston engInes Is
commonly known as sIngle pIston, dual pIston or
opposed pIstons, referrIng to the number of
combustIon cylInders.
ounce Chamber ntake AIr valve Scavenge AIr ox Supercharge pump
Exhaust gas receIver
Power turbIne
12: AdIabatIc compressIon
In compressor cylInder
2a: AdIabatIc compressIon
ab: EngIne combustIon
bJ: AdIabatIc expansIon or
power stroke In dIesel
cylInder
J4: |IxIng of m2 kg engIne
exhaust and m2 kg bypass aIr
45: AdIabatIc expansIon In
turbIne
P HP
A sImple desIgn wIth hIgh
controllabIlIty Is the maIn strength of
the sIngle pIston desIgn compared to
the other freepIston engIne
confIguratIons.
%he rebound devIce gIves the
opportunIty to accurately control the
amount of energy put Into the
compressIon process and thereby
regulatIng the compressIon ratIo and
stroke length.
P
HP
0ual pIston engIne confIguratIon
elImInates the need for a rebound
devIce, as the (at any tIme) workIng
pIston provIdes the work to drIve
the compressIon process In the other
cylInder.
t has a sImple and more compact
desIgn wIth hIgher power to weIght
ratIo.
%he control of pIston motIon, In
partIcular stroke length and
compressIon ratIo, has proved
dIffIcult.
CombustIon chamber
PIston synchronIzatIon
ounce chamber
t was exclusIvely used In the
early freepIston engIne desIgns
(19J01960).
%he perfectly balanced and
vIbratIon free desIgn Is the
exclusIve feature of thIs desIgn.
0ue to elImInatIon of cylInder
head, heat transfer losses are
also reduced allowIng unIflow
scavengIng gIvIng better
effIcIency.
%he pIston synchronIzatIon
mechanIsm and dual set of maIn
components makes It a bulky and
complIcated desIgn.
Pnward compressIon type
PDutward compressIon type
%he basIc dIfference between them Is that
Inward types compress aIr durIng Inward
motIon of the pIston whIle the outward types
compress aIr durIng the outward motIon of the
pIston. Furthermore, Inward type Is sImpler,
has less number of workIng parts and possess
better accessIbIlIty for maIntenance than
outward type.
PDperatIng prIncIple
PPIston dynamIcs and control
a) Frequency control
b) StartIng
c) |IsfIrIng
PFree pIston loads
PSImplIcIty
F
PEffect of fuel rack posItIon
PEffect of bounce cylInder pressure
PEffect of workIng pressure
Early applIcatIons
a) WIdely used as submarIne aIr compressor unIts
b) SuItable for power generatIon In medIum
power range
c) %hey have also been trIed In shIp propulsIon ,
road and raIl tractIon
d) HIgh speed centrIfugal aIr compressors and
water pumps can be dIrectly drIven by It
e) A mIxed gas steam cycle also offers the
possIbIlIty of ImprovIng the effIcIency
|odern applIcatIons
a) HydraulIc free pIston engInes
b) Free pIston engIne generators
PFreepIston machInery should fInd
applIcatIon wherever power needed. t
compresses aIr for drIllIng machInery, and
can provIde energy to move gas through pIpe
lInes.
t would be an Ideal machIne for gIant
shovels and other earthmovIng equIpment.
EngIneers have rough desIgns for a compact
outboard motor.
PSImple desIgn wIth few movIng parts reduces
the frIctIonal losses
PCompact and low maIntenance costs
PHIgh power to weIght ratIo
PPossIble operatIon on multIple fuels due to
varIable compressIon ratIo
PFuel aIr mIxIng Is enhanced
P%Ime avaIlable for heat transfer losses and
formatIon of temperature dependent
emIssIons lIke Nox Is reduced.
P%Ime avaIlable for heat transfer losses and
formatIon of temperature dependent
emIssIons lIke NDx Is reduced.
PFlexIbIlIty and FelIabIlIty
P7IbratIon, noIse and maIntenance 0ue to
better balancIng the vIbratIons and structure
borne noIse are lower
PStartIng and control: 0ue to varIable
compressIon ratIo aIr requIred for startIng
the free pIston engIne Is less than needed for
a dIesel engIne
PPoor fuel economy as specIfIc fuel
consumptIon Is hIgh
PFequIres a certaIn quantIty of fuel per stroke
that varIes accordIng to load causIng
mInImum stabIlIty problems
PPoor part load effIcIency especIally at very
lIght loads
P0ue to hIgh supercharge rate of combustIon
per cylInder volume Is hIgh
PEngIne control problem whIch Is fully solved
only In sIngle pIston hydraulIc engIne
Pnfluence of cycle to cycle varIatIons In the
combustIon process