DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH

Name : G.ANILA KUMARI.

Designation : Lecturer.
Branch : Electronics & Communication Engg.
Institute : Smt.B.SeethaPolytechnic.
Year /Sem : 1st year.
Subject : Electronic components and Devices.
Subject Code : EC-105.
Topic : Microphones and Loudspeakers.
Duration : 50 min.
Sub Topic : Definition of microphone, types of
microphone and characteristics of
microphone.
Teaching aids : Diagrams, photographs and animations.
EC105.81 1
 OBJECTIVES

After Completion Of This Period, You Would Be

Able To Understand:

• Definition of microphone and loud speaker.

• Types of microphones.

• Characteristics of microphone.

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• In communication system like…
• Public address system,
• Telephone,
• Radio,
• Televisions,
• Panel discussion, etc..,
• The information is sound signal i.e. converted in to
electrical signal by microphone.
• Electrical signal is converted to sound signal by
loudspeaker.

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PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM

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Microphone

• It is an acoustic transducer that converts sound

signal in to electrical signal.

• It converts variations in sound pressure in to low

voltage electrical signal of same frequency and
same phase.

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LOUDSPEAKER

• It is an acoustic transducer which converts electrical

signal of audio frequency in to an audio signal.

• The function of loudspeaker is opposite to that of

microphone.

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CLASSIFICATION OF THE MICROPHONES

• BASED ON THEIR OPERATION

1. PRESSURE OPERATED MICROPHONES

EX: Carbon Microphone, Moving Coil Microphne,
Condenser Microphone And Crystal Microphone.

2. VELOCITY OPERATED MICROPHONES

Ex: Ribbon Microphones.

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EC105.81 8
BASED ON THE DIRECTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

1. Omni Directional Microphone

Ex: Carbon Microphone,condeser Microphone,moving
Coil Microphone And Crystal Microphone.

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2. BI DIRECTIONAL MICROPHONE

EX: Ribbon Microphone.

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3. CARDIOD MICROPHONE

Ex:Combination Of Moving Coil And Crystal

Microphone…,,,,....

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CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROPHONES

1. SENSITIVITY: It is defined as output in

millivolts for the sound pressure of micro-bar at
1000khz.

2. SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO: It is ratio of output

in presence of sound to the out put in absence
of sound. It is measured in db.

3. FREQUENCY RESPONSE: This is curve

plotted between the frequency and output of
microphone.
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4. DISTORTION: The change in output which is no where related
to the input is known as distortion.

TYPES OF DISTORTION

1. NON LINEAR DISTORTION: If the amplitude of the output

is
not proportional to the sound
input.

2. PHASE DISTORTION: The output is not in phase with the

input.
.
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 DIRECTIVITY: Directivity indicates the direction from which
the microphone picks up the sound signal.

 OUTPUT IMPEDANCE: The impedance measured

between output terminals of the
microphone is known as output
impedance.
The out put impedance of the
microphone should match the
input impedance of device connected
to it.

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SUMMARY
• Microphone is an acoustic transducer that converts
sound pressure signal in to electrical signals.

• Sensitivity is a measure of the electrical output of a

microphone with respect to the standard acoustic sound
pressure and frequency.

7. Directivity indicates the direction from which the

microphone picks up the sound signal.

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1) MICROPHONE CONVERTS

a) sound signal to electrical signal

b) electrical signal to sound signal

c) mechanical to electrical signal

d) none

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2) Frequency response curve is plotted between

a) voltage and frequency

b) Frequency and output of microphone

c) output of microphone and voltage

d) none

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3) Which one is the velocity operated microphone

a) crystal microphone

b) carbon microphone

c) ribbon microphone

d) condenser microphone

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Frequently asked questions...

4) What is microphone?

7) Classify the microphones?

10) Define sensitivity, directivity signal to noise ratio of

microphone?
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