DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
• Name : U.Rajya Lakshmi
• Designation : Lecturer
• Branch : Computer Engg.,
• Institute : Govt.Polytechnic for Women,
PALAMANER.
• Year/Semester : III Semester
• Subject : Computer Architecture
• Subject Code : CM-303
• Topic : CPU Organization
• Sub Topic : Digital Computer
• Duration : 50 Min
• Teaching aids : PPT,drawings,photographs
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 Objectives

On completion of this period, you would be able

to learn
• What is Computer Architecture?
• Block diagram of a digital Computer
• Different Parts of digital Computer
• Function of each part

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 Introduction

A computer is a programmable machine which

• Accepts input
• Processes it according to the given instructions
• Gives the result at a very high speed

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Computer system

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Fig 1.1
 COMPUTER SYSTEM

A computer system includes

• Hardware

and

• Software

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 Hardware

All the electronic components and electro

mechanical components of the system

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 Software

• Set of programs written for computer to

perform various data processing tasks

• A program is a sequence of instructions that

perform a particular task

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Computer Architecture deals with

• The structure of hardware components

• The behavior of various components of

computer System

• Flow of information and control among the units

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 Digital Computer

• Processes the data in digital form

• Digital means discrete values

• Data and Instructions are represented only as

combinations of 0s and 1s

• The major components are CPU, Memory unit,

Input and Output devices.
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 Block Diagram of Digital Computer
Memory Unit

I CPU O
n u
p ALU t
u p
t u
Register Unit t
U U
n n
i CU i
t t
Data line Fig 1.2
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Control line
Functional Units of Digital Computer

• Input Unit
• Output Unit
• Memory Unit
• C P U (Central Processing Unit)

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 INPUT UNIT

• A device used to send data to the computer

• Some input devices are

Keyboard, mouse etc.,

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 INPUT DEVICES

Keyboard Mouse
Fig 1.3
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 OUTPUT UNIT

• A device used by the computer to display the

results

• Some output devices are

monitor, printer etc.,

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 OUTPUT DEVICES

Monitor Printer
Fig 1.4
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 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• It is brain of the computer system

• Also known as processor
• Primary function is to execute programs

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 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

consists of three units

• Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)

• Control unit (CU)

• Register unit
or
Internal memory
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 Arithmetic and Logic unit(ALU)

• Performs all arithmetic and logical operations

• Arithmetic operations are basic mathematical

operations such as +, -, *, /

• Logical operations consist of comparisons such

as <, >,<=, >=, <>

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 Control Unit (CU)

• Controls and coordinates all other units of

computer by sending control signals

• Execute the programs stored in main memory

• Generates control signals to store instructions
and data in memory
• Generates control signals to execute the given
operation by the ALU

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 Internal memory or Register unit

• Contains a set of high speed registers

• Used to store
• Instructions
• Intermediate data
• Certain control information temporarily

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 Memory Unit

• Used to store large amount of data and

programs
• Also known as primary memory or main memory

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 Interactive Questions

• Are there any similarities between a human

being and a computer system?

• How the different places of a country are

interconnected?

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 System Interconnection

• All these functional units are interconnected by

a set of wires(lines) called bus

• Bus is a “high way” along which data,address

and control information can be passed

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 Summary

• In this class you have learnt

various units of a digital computer
function of each unit

• Various Units of digital computer

CPU,Memory unit, Input Unit and Output Unit

• Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Brain of Computer

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 Summary Contd.,

• Memory Unit
Stores data and Programs

• Input Unit
Accepts data and instructions from user

• Output Unit
displays results to the user

• System Interconnection
A set of electrical wires along which information can
be passed
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 Quiz
1. Computer system includes

a) hardware
b) software
c) both
d) none

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 Quiz
1. Computer system includes

a) hardware
b) software
c) both
d) none

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 Quiz
2. Select an input device in the following

a) printer
b) mouse
c) memory
d) monitor

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 Quiz
2. Select an input device in the following

a) printer
b) mouse
c) memory
d) monitor

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 Quiz
3. The unit that controls the operation of all other
units of computer is

a) Memory unit
b) CPU
c) ALU
d) Control unit

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 Quiz
3. The unit that controls the operation of all other
units of computer is

a) Memory unit
b) CPU
c) ALU
d) Control unit

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 Quiz
1. Memory unit is used to

a) store data
b) process data
c) read data
d) display data

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 Quiz
1. Memory unit is used to

a) store data
b) process data
c) read data
d) display data

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 Quiz
5. A set of programs are called as
a) hardware
b) software
c) instruction
d) command

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 Quiz
5. A set of programs are called as
a) hardware
b) software
c) instruction
d) command

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 Frequently Asked Questions

1. Draw the block diagram of computer and

explain the function of various units.

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