Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

(MANETS)
SHIEVANGI SHARMA
A1607108053 SECTION (A) B. Tech. (E&T) 3rd yr

AMITY INSTITUTE OF TELECOM TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET)

(sometimes called a mobile mesh network)

The term MANET refers to a multi-hop packet-based wireless network composed of a set of mobile nodes that can communicate and move at the same time, without using any kind of fixed wired infrastructure.

Each device in a MANET is free to move independently in any direction, and will therefore change its links to other devices frequently.

Approaches for enabling wireless mobile units

There are two approaches: Infrastructured: mobile devices communicate with access points like base stations connected to the fixed network infrastructure (eg. GSM, UMTS, WLL, WLAN, etc.) Infrastructureless: the mobile wireless network is commonly known as a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET)

MANET: Concept
Wireless networks include infrastructure-based networks and ad-hoc networks. Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) are decentralized networks that develop through self-organization.

MANET: Concept
A multi-hop ad-hoc wireless network is a collection of devices that have wireless transceivers and that provide store-andforward functionalities on top of the physical and medium access protocols in use, as needed to enable multi-hop wireless communications. Such devices are classified as routers in the resulting wireless network.

MANET: Concept

MANET communication. The light grey area indicates the radio coverage area of each MANET interface. Store-and-forward functionalities are provided to achieve multi-hop radio communication, for instance between N1 to N5, which cannot communicate directly since they are out of radio range from each another.

MANET: History
The whole life-cycle of ad-hoc networks could be categorized into the first, second, and the third generation ad-hoc networks systems. The first generation: 1972; called Packet Radio Networks (PRNET); Survivable Adaptive Radio Networks (SURAN) in 1980s; PRNET used on a trial basis in a combat environment in conjunction with Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) and Carrier Sense Medium Access (CSMA) The second generation: 1980s; ad-hoc network systems were enhanced and implemented as a part of SURAN The concept of commercial ad-hoc networks arrived with notebook computers and other communication equipments in 1990s. It further lead to MANET.

MANET Features
Autonomous terminal Distributed operation Multihop routing Dynamic network topology Fluctuating link capacity Light-weight terminals

MANET: Types
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are used for communication among vehicles and between vehicles and roadside equipment. Intelligent vehicular ad hoc networks (InVANETs) are a kind of artificial intelligence that helps vehicles to behave in intelligent manners during vehicle-to-vehicle collisions, accidents, drunken driving etc. Internet Based Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (iMANET) are ad-hoc networks that link mobile nodes and fixed Internet-gateway nodes.

MANET: Applications

Military battlefield Commercial sector Local level Personal Area Network (PAN)

MANET: Characteristics
Communication via wireless means Nodes can perform the roles of both hosts and routers No centralized controller and infrastructure Intrinsic mutual trust Dynamic network topology Frequent routing updates Autonomous, no infrastructure needed Can be set up anywhere Energy constraints Limited security

MANET: Challenges
Routing Autonomous Dynamic topology Device discovery Bandwidth optimization Limited resources Scalability Limited physical security Infrastructure-less and self operated Poor Transmission Quality Ad hoc addressing Network configuration Topology maintenance

Key Research Issues

X-cast Routing Algorithms QoS Supporting Model Security, Reliability, and Availability Schemes Internetworking Mechanisms

MANET: Advantages
They provide access to information and services regardless of geographic position. These networks can be set up at any place and time. These networks work without any preexisting infrastructure

MANET: Disadvantages
Limited resources Limited physical security Intrinsic mutual trust vulnerable to attacks Lack of authorization facilities Volatile network topology makes it hard to detect malicious nodes Security protocols for wired networks cannot work for ad-hoc networks

Conclusion
In spite of several challenges faced, next generation of mobile communications will include both infrastructured wireless networks and infrastructureless mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). Research on multi-hop architecture has shown promise for the implementation of MANET. It is expected that in future the nodes in MANET will be smaller, cheaper and capable.