1?

LS Cl Wlnu 1unnLLS
1?LS Cl Wlnu 1unnLL 8ASLu Cn
SLLu
Lowspeed wlnd Lunnel
Plghspeed wlnd Lunnel
Supersonlc wlnd Lunnel
Pypersonlc wlnd Lunnel
Subsonlc and Lransonlc wlnd Lunnel
LCSLu 8L1u8n 1?L Wlnu 1unnLL
W losed reLurn Lunnels may operaLe subsonlcally as shown ln Lhe
flgure or supersonlcally
W Supersonlc closed reLurn Lunnels are more complex Lhan subsonlc
Lunnels
W 1o prevenL condensaLlon ln Lhe LesL secLlon because of low
pressure Lhe alr enLerlng Lhe Lunnel ls ofLen passed over a dryer
bed
W 1here ls usually an addlLlonal LhroaL placed ln Lhe Lunnel
downsLream of Lhe LesL secLlon Lo shock down Lhe supersonlc flow
Lo subsonlc
W 1he advanLage of a supersonlc conLlnuous flow wlnd Lunnel ls Lhe
longer run Llmes relaLlve Lo a blowdown Lunnel
W 1he ma[or dlsadvanLage ls Lhe lncreased slze and operaLlng cosLs
LCSLu 1?L Wlnu 1unnLL
W Slze of LesL secLlon Lo cusLomer requlremenLs
W 1unnel Lypes lnclude ad[usLable free [eL semlgulded and gulded
W lywood Lunnel floor and celllng proflles are easlly lnLerchanged
and modlfled
W 1ransparenL slde walls can easlly be removed and Lhe dlvergence
angle can be ad[usLed Lo compensaLe for boundary layer effecLs or
Lo achleve a glven pressure gradlenL
W Aerodynamlc characLerlsLlcs Lo sulL cusLomer requlremenLs
lncludlng Lhe conLracLlon raLlo number of screens and acousLlc
behavlour
W Alr veloclLy Lo cusLomer speclflcaLlon
Advantages of the C|osed keturn 1unne|
W Superlor flow quallLy ln Lhe LesL secLlon llow
Lurnlng vanes ln Lhe corner and flow
sLralghLeners near Lhe LesL secLlon lnsure
relaLlvely unlform flow ln Lhe LesL secLlon
W Low operaLlng cosLs Cnce Lhe alr ls clrculaLlng ln
Lhe Lunnel Lhe fan and moLor only needs Lo
overcome losses along Lhe wall and Lhrough Lhe
Lurnlng vanes 1he fan does noL have Lo
consLanLly acceleraLe Lhe alr
W CuleL operaLlon relaLlve Lo an open reLurn Lunnel
sadvantages of the C|osed keturn 1unne|
W Plgher consLrucLlon cosL because of Lhe added
vanes and ducLlng
W lnferlor deslgn for propulslon and smoke
vlsuallzaLlon 1he Lunnel musL be deslgned Lo
purge exhausL producLs LhaL accumulaLe ln Lhe
Lunnel
W PoLLer runnlng condlLlons Lhan an open reLurn
Lunnel 1unnel may have Lo employ heaL
exchangers or acLlve coollng
LlllLL Su8SCnl Wlnu 1unnLLS
Cpen reLurn wlnd Lunnel Cr Llffel wlnd Lunnel
W 1he orlglnal WrlghL 8roLhers wlnd Lunnel was an
open reLurn deslgn ln Lhe open reLurn Lunnel Lhe alr
LhaL passes Lhrough Lhe LesL secLlon ls gaLhered from
Lhe room ln whlch Lhe Lunnel ls locaLed 1he arrows
on Lhe flgure denoLe Lhe flow of alr Lhrough Lhe wlnd
Lunnel and around Lhe room 1he oLher ma[or Lype
of wlnd Lunnel ls Lhe closed reLurn Lunnel ln whlch
Lhe alr ls conducLed from Lhe exlL of Lhe fan Lo Lhe
conLracLlon secLlon by a serles of ducLs and Lurnlng
vanes
LlllLL Su8SCnl Wlnu 1unnLLS
W PA8A1L8lS1lS
W Slze of LesL secLlon Lo cusLomer requlremenLs
W 1unnel Lypes lnclude closed (lf noL enclosed) ad[usLable free [eL
semlgulded and gulded wlLh enclosure
W lywood Lunnel floor and celllng proflles are easlly lnLerchanged
and modlfled
W 1ransparenL slde walls can easlly be removed and Lhe dlvergence
angle can be ad[usLed Lo compensaLe for boundary layer effecLs or
Lo achleve a glven pressure gradlenL
W Aerodynamlc characLerlsLlcs Lo sulL cusLomer requlremenLs
lncludlng Lhe conLracLlon raLlo number of screens and acousLlc
behavlor
W Alr veloclLy Lo cusLomer speclflcaLlon (normally up Lo a llmlL of 30
m/s lmposed by Lhe deslgn of Lhe seallng enclosure)
LlllLL Su8SCnl Wlnu 1unnLLS
W 8LCMMLnuA1lCnS
W 1he blower power requlred ls greaLer Lhan LhaL of
a closed clrculL Lunnel for a glven performance
1he addlLlonal cosL ls usually marglnal
W 1he sLaLlc pressure ln Lhe LesL secLlon ls less
Lhan aLmospherlc pressure 1he slde walls of Lhe
LesL secLlon musL Lherefore be alrLlghL or an
alrLlghL enclosure musL be lnsLalled around Lhe
LesL secLlon 1he laLLer ls a more flexlble soluLlon
from a pracLlcal polnL of vlew
Advantages of the Cpen keturn
1unne|
W Low consLrucLlon cosL
W Superlor deslgn for propulslon and smoke
vlsuallzaLlon 1here ls no accumulaLlon of
exhausL producLs ln an open Lunnel
sadvantages of the Cpen keturn
1unne|
W oor flow quallLy posslble ln Lhe LesL secLlon llow
Lurnlng Lhe corner lnLo Lhe bell mouLh may requlre
exLenslve screens or flow sLralghLeners 1he Lunnel
should also be kepL away from ob[ecLs ln Lhe room
(walls desks people )LhaL produce asymmeLrles Lo
Lhe bell mouLh 1unnels open Lo Lhe aLmosphere are
also affecLed by wlnds and weaLher
W Plgh operaLlng cosLs 1he fan musL conLlnually
acceleraLe flow Lhrough Lhe Lunnel
W nolsy operaLlon Loud nolse from Lhe fan may llmlL
Llmes of operaLlon
Wlnu 1unnLL Wl1P ASAuL
Wlnu 1unnLL Wl1P ASAuL
W 1he low speed cascade Lunnel ls a conLlnuousflow subsonlc
faclllLy wlLh a recLangular cross secLlon of 120 mm x 300 mm
W 1he blower has a maxlmum capaclLy of 7 m
3
/s and a pressure rlse
of 16ka
W 1esLs are made uslng elLher compressor or Lurblne cascades where
each cascade may conLaln from 7 Lo 10 blades
W 8eynolds number may be varled from a maxlmum of 6 x 10
3
down
Lo 3 x 10
4
based on a chord lengLh of 120 mm
W 1wodlmenslonal flow condlLlons are obLalned by removal of slde
wall boundary layers uslng a sucLlon sysLem LhaL ls lndependenL of
Lhe maln alr supply
W A blade mounLed ln Lhe cenLre of Lhe cascade may be equlpped
wlLh pressure Laps
W llow measuremenLs upsLream and downsLream of a cascade are
made uslng Lwo remoLely acLuaLed probe carrlages
8LCWuCWn Wlnu1unnLL
W 8low down Lunnels are normally used from hlgh subsonlc Lo hlgh
supersonlc flow condlLlons
W ln Lhe flgure we show compleLely closed supersonlc conflguraLlon
1he LesL secLlon slLs aL Lhe end of a supersonlc nozzle
W 1he Mach number ln Lhe LesL secLlon ls deLermlned by pressure
and LemperaLure ln Lhe p|enumand Lhe area raLlo beLween Lhe LesL
secLlon on Lhe nozzle throat
W As Lhe flow expands ln Lhe nozzle Lhe pressure decreases and any
molsLure ln Lhe Lunnel may condense and llqulfy ln Lhe LesL secLlon
1o prevenL condensaLlon alr ls broughL lnLo Lhe Lunnel Lhrough
a dryer bed 1he alr ls pumped lnLo a closed hgh pressure
chamber upsLream of Lhe plenum AL Lhe same Llme alr ls pumped
ouL of a closed |ow pressure chamber downsLream of Lhe LesL
secLlon
Advantages of the 8|owdown 1unne|
W Advantages of the 8|owdown 1unne|
W Plgh Mach capablllLy Lasy Lunnel sLarLlng
W Lower consLrucLlon and operaLlng cosLs
W Superlor deslgn for propulslon and smoke
vlsuallzaLlon 1here ls no accumulaLlon of
exhausL producLs ln an open Lunnel
W Smaller loads on model durlng sLarLup
because of fasLer sLarLs
sadvantages of the 8|owdown 1unne|
W ShorLer LesL Llmes requlre fasLer (ofLen more
expenslve) lnsLrumenLaLlon
W need for pressure regulaLor valves
W nolsy operaLlon
CLher Lypes of wlnd Lunnels
1PAnk ?Cu
Shelkh Adll Anwar(10)
8a[rang Maheshwarl(34)
Sunayana!(33)