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Sector Enterprise Quality Quality and Mission Assurance Northrop Grumman Corporation Integrated Systems
Cause and Effect Analysis is a technique for identifying all the possible causes (inputs) associated with a particular problem / effect (output) before narrowing down to the small number of main, root causes which need to be addressed.
How do I do it?
1. Identify the Problem/Issue
Select a particular problem, issue or effect. Make sure the problem is specific, tightly defined and relatively small in scope and that everyone participating understands exactly what is being analyzed. Write the problem definition at the top of the flip chart or whiteboard.
Problem or Issue
Material
Environment
Measurement System
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Does the person have adequate supervision and support? Does the person know what he is expected to do in his job? How much experience does the person have? Does the person have the proper motivation to do his best work? Is the person satisfied or dissatisfied with his job? Is the person more- or less-productive at certain times of the day? Do physical conditions such as light or temperature affect their work? Does the person have the tools/equipment needed to do the job? Who does the person contact when problems arise? Is the work load reasonable?
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How is the method used defined? Is the method regularly reviewed for adequacy? Is the method used affected by external factors? Have other methods been considered? How does the operator know if the method is operating effectively? Is statistical analysis used to verify the effectiveness of the method? What adjustments must the operator make during the process? Have any changes been made recently in the process?
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How old is the equipment or machinery? Is it maintained regularly? Is the machine affected by heat or vibration or other physical factors? How does the operator know if the machine is operating correctly? Is statistical analysis used to verify the capability of the machine? What adjustments must the operator make during the process? Have any changes been made recently in the process?
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How is the material produced? How is the material verified? How old is the material? How is quality judged prior to your operation? What is the level of quality? How is the material packaged? Can temperature, light or humidity affect the material quality? Who is the material supplier? Has there been a change in suppliers?
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How are environmental conditions monitored? How are environmental conditions controlled? How is the environment control measuring equipment calibrated? Are there changes in conditions at different times of the day? How does environmental change impact the processes being used? How does environmental change impact the materials being used?
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How frequently are products inspected? How is the measuring equipment calibrated? Are all products measured using the same tools or equipment? How are inspection results recorded? Do inspectors follow the same procedures? (Is there a set of standards?) Do inspectors know how to use the test equipment?
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M N WR A PO E
M TR L A E IA
P O E KN LE G R C SS OW D E S IF H T T A IN R IN G
T E M EX AN IO H R AL P S N P T D O M IO AR EF R AT N M C IN B Y A H A ILIT O R IM VE T E SRN T T E GH
F ED E N P O R M C R G A T O P H O L AT
F R E O C
S E PE D T PE Y
P R D E S N L A T IM N IO A Q A ITY U L
IN ER S T G A E RD P IT OS ION G A C R Y IN C U AC R P T BIL Y E EA A IT G GE AU R ID Y IG IT B KL H AC AS
T M E P
C TD T U EP H
H L IN F T R O D G IX U E
C O N O LA T R P T BIL Y E EA A IT R P O U A IL Y E R D C B IT
M TH E OD
M C IN A H E
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Questions?
Call or e-mail: Bob Ollerton 310-332-1972/310-350-9121 robert.ollerton@ngc.com
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