Presented By:

Sharad Agrahari EN IIIrd yr, Krishna Institute Of Engineering & Technology.

INTRODUCTION
A touchscreen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area.

It is a computer display screen that is also an input device. The screens are sensitive to pressure; a user interacts with the computer by touching pictures or words on the screen.

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The touchscreen has two main attributes: 1. It enables one to interact with what is displayed directly on the screen, where it is displayed, rather than indirectly with a mouse or touchpad. 2. It lets one do so without requiring any intermediate device, again, such as a stylus that needs to be held in the hand. Such displays can be attached to computers or, as terminals, to networks.

TOUCHSCREEN ANATOMY
Touch Sensor
A touch screen sensor is a clear glass panel with a touch responsive surface. The controller is a small PC card that connects between the touch sensor and the PC.

Controller

Software Driver The driver is a software update for the

PC system that allows the touchscreen and computer to work together.

Technologies
The types of technologies that can be found are as follows:
Resistive:
The resistive touch screen uses a

glass panel with a uniform conductive ITO(Indium Tin Oxide) coating on the side surface.
A PET film is a tightly

suspended over the ITO coating surface of a glass panel.

Working Principle:

When the screen is touched, it pushes the conductive ITO coating on the PET film. That results the electrical contact, producing the voltages. It presents the position touched.
The microprocessor applies +5V to pin (X left) on the glass panel, and

the voltage is uniformly decreasing to pin (X right) for 0V because of the resistive ITO coating on the glass substrate, and the PET film is grounded.

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When the touchscreen is touched, a voltage on the glass substrate
proportional to the X position of the touch appears on the PET film. This voltage is digitized by the A/D Converter and subjected to an averaging algorithm. Then it is stored and transferred to the host. Hence, the X position is produced. The next electric cycle, Y position is produced. Resistive touchscreen deliver cost-effective, consistent and durable performance

Resistive technology include only 75% optical transparency and the fact that a sharp object can damage the resistive layers.

Surface Acoustic Wave:

On the pure glass substrate, there are

four piezoelectric transmitting and receiving transducers on the three corners for both the X and Y axes. The SAW controller sends a 5 MHz electrical signal to the X-axis and Y-axis transmitting transducers.

When the touchscreen is touched, the finger absorbs a portion of

the wave passing across the surface of the panel.

SAW can be used in any and all applications for the best possible

image clarity an unlimited life.

Capacitive:

Capacitive touchscreen is a four multi-layer glass.

Small amount of voltage is applied to the electrodes on the four

corners A human body is an electric conductor, so when touched the screen with a finger, a slight amount of current is drawn, creating a voltage drop. The current respectively drifts to the electrodes on the four corners. The capacitive system has very long life (about 225 million clicks).

Infrared:
Conventional

optical-touch systems use an array of infrared (IR) lightemitting diodes (LEDs) on two adjacent bezel edges of a display, with photosensors placed on the two opposite bezel edges to analyze the system and determine a touch event.
IR eliminates the use of glass or plastic overlay that most other touch

technologies require in front of the display.

High cost of the technology. IR increases the noise floor at the optical sensor

COMPARISON
Technology
Durability Stability 4-Wire Resistive 3 year High

Surface Acoustic Wave

5 Year Higher

5-Wire Resistive 5 Year High

Infrared
5 Year High

Capacitive
2 Year Ok

Transparency
Installation Touch Intense lightresistant Response time Following Speed Excursion Monitor option Waterproof

Bad
Built-in/Onwall Anything Good <10ms Good No CRT or LCD Good

Good
Built-in/Onwall Finger/Pen Good 10ms Low Small CRT or LCD Ok

Bad
Built-in/Onwall Anything Good <15ms Good Big CRT or LCD Good

Good
Onwall Finger/Pen Bad <20ms Good Big CRT or LCD Ok

Ok
Built-in Conductive Bad <15ms Good Big CRT or LCD or LED Good

Advantages & Disadvantages:

Advantages:
User friendly. Fast response. Error free input. Easy to install. Use finger, fingernail, gloved hand, stylus or any soft-tip pointer

to operate. Easy to clean and maintain. Compatible with Windows, Macintosh and Linux. Does not interfere mouse and keyboard function. Make computing easy, powerful and fun.

Disadvantages:
1)Finger stress:
Stress on human fingers when used for more than a few minutes at a time. (for example, ATMs).

2)Fingerprints:
Touchscreens can suffer from the problem of fingerprints on the display

Applications
Public Access:
Museums

Library resource guides

Corporate information Public Transportation Schedule / Status

Airport terminal passenger internet and email systems

Automated travel and entertainment ticket dispensers Shopping mall directory

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Business
Gas stations
Point of sales Restaurants Grocery stores Hospital and hotel directories (check-in, registration) Banks and Financial Reporting Bank cash advance and teller machines

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Interactive computer games
Casinos

Government: Military control system Scientific research lab

Conclusion:
Designers are trying to use touchscreen to simplify input

commands for largely unsophisticated computer users.

Today, a larger share of population is PC literate, yet the

touchscreen has become adopted by computer users of all abilities because it is simple, fast, and innovative.
In future there is no usage of mouse and keyboards as they will

be replaced by touchscreens.

Any Queries?