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Introduction to Objects Define Class & Objects Characteristics of OOPS History of C++ Difference Between C & C++ C++ Programming Structure
All around us in the real world are objects. Each object has certain characteristics and exhibits certain behaviour
OBJECT
Data Color : Black Year : 2008 Actions Start Stop Accelerate
Personnel
The real world around is full of objects .We can consider both living beings as well as things as objects.For example,the different departments in a company are objects.
Data
Employee details Salary statements Bills Vouchers Reciepts Accounts
Functions
Calculate salary Pay salary Pay bills Tally accounts Transact with banks
Benefits of Object Oriented Programming approach are OOP offers better implementation OOP offers better data security OOP offers better code reusability OOP offers more flexibility OOP offers better manageable programs Large complexity in the software development can be easily managed User defined datatypes can be easily constructed
Design
Implementation Testing
Development
Data acquisition Systems Client/Server Computing Object Oriented Database applications Artificial Intelligence and expert systems systems such as process control, temperature control etc. GUI based system such as Windows Applications Computer Aided Design and manufacturing Systems
Grouping of data and methods into a single entity is known as Data Encapsulation
It is a technical name for information hiding. (i.e data hiding or data security)
Encapsulation
Class
Private
Public
Data abstraction enhances security as use of data is restricted to certain functions only. Abstraction is more used where you want only a certain number of
For Example
Class
Data abstraction is a process of identifying methods properties related much and to a
Attributes
Methods
Insects
Mammals
Reptiles
Amphibians
Humans
Non-Humans
Reusability
Programs can be broken into reusable objects Existing classes can be used with additional features Shape
Benefits of Inheritance
polymorphism allows a programmer to purse a course of action by sending a message to an object without concerning about how the software system is to implement the action Simply defined as Same thing can behave different ones
Sculptor Poet
Subclasses
A class is what defines all the data members and the methods that an object should have. The class defines the characteristics that the object will possess; it could also be referred to as a blueprint of the object.
For Example
Polygon objects
Methods
Draw Erase Move
+
Simply defined as a structure that combines the objects with some attributes (data structure) and some behavior (operation)
To access the member data and member function defined inside the class
Author of C++ is
Bjarne stroustrup
He invented this language in 1980's at
C++ was designed using two languages such as C Language which gives the low-level feature and Simula67 provides the class concept.
C Language Procedural Programming Language Headerfile : #include<stdio.h> \n is used to go to the next line Function prototypes are optional
C++ Language Object Oriented Programming Language #include<iostream.h> we can use endl statement All Functions must be protyped
Local variables declared only the start of It can be declared anywhere in a a C program program, before they are used Return type for a function is optional Do not permit data Hiding Return type must be specified They permit data hiding
Bydefault structure members are public class members are private We can call a main() function within a program This is not allowed
Each class specification starts with the keyword class The Class Specification must always end with a semicolon (;) Data abstraction is the ability to create user-defined data types for modeling real world objects using built-in data types. Classes are used for data abstraction by hiding the implementation of a type in the private part. Polymorphism in Greek word means Many Forms
A class is an enhanced structure that provides Object-Oriented Features of C++ An object is an instance of a class which combines both data and functions together. Encapsulation is the process of combining member functions and the data it manipulates and keeps them safe from outside interferrence The three access specifiers in a class are private,public,protected By default all members declared inside a class are private to that class C++ provides two pre-defined objects cin and cout for handling input and output
EXERCISES
1. Describe the Basic concepts of OOPS? 2. List the various applications of Object oriented Programming? 3. Explain briefly Classes & Objects? 4. State the use of #include directive in C++? 1. List the various benefits of Object Oriented Programming?