Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand Policy, Planning, and Development

Learning Objectives
Demonstrate the critical importance of tourism policy to the competitiveness and sustainability of a tourism destination. Outline the structure and content of a typical policy framework for a tourism destination. Identify some of the methods, techniques, and approaches used to assist in tourism policy formulation.

9th Edition - 2003

Chapter 15: Tourism Policy, Structure, Content and Process

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand Policy, Planning, and Development

The Competitive/Sustainable Tourist Destination: A Managerial Framework

The Competitive/Sustainable Destination

Tourism Policy Structure and Content

The Policy Formulation Process

Policy Formulation Methods

9th Edition - 2003

Chapter 15: Tourism Policy, Structure, Content and Process

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand Policy, Planning, and Development

Tourism Policy: A Definition

Tourism policy can be defined as follows:
A set of regulations, rules, guidelines, directives, and development/ promotion objectives and strategies that provide a framework within which the collective and individual decisions directly affecting tourism development and the daily activities within a destination are taken.

9th Edition - 2003

Chapter 15: Tourism Policy, Structure, Content and Process

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand Policy, Planning, and Development

Examples of the many stakeholders in tourism within a given destination/region.

Residents of the Host Destination Local/Municipal/Regional/Provincial/National Governments Local/Regional/National Environmental Groups Local visitors/excursionists Remote visitors/tourists Tourism industry sectors:
Transportation Accommodation Attractions Events Commercial Outdoor Recreation Commercial Visitor Service

Destination Management Organization (DMO) Culture/Heritage Groups Social/Health/Education Groups

9th Edition - 2003 Chapter 15: Tourism Policy, Structure, Content and Process

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand Policy, Planning, and Development

Areas Addressed by Tourism Policy

1. The roles of tourism within the overall socio-economic development of the destination region 2. The type of destination that will most effectively fulfill the desired roles 3. Taxation types and levels 4. Financing for the tourism sector sources and terms 5. The nature and direction of product development and maintenance 6. Transportation access and infrastructure 7. Regulatory practices (e.g. airlines, travel agencies) 8. Environmental practices and restrictions 9. Industry image, credibility 10. Community relationships 11. Human resources and labor supply 12. Union and labor legislation 13. Technology 14. Marketing practices 15. Foreign travel rules

9th Edition - 2003

Chapter 15: Tourism Policy, Structure, Content and Process

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand Policy, Planning, and Development

Some Elements of Successful total tourism destination management

COMPETITIVENESS [Resource Deployment] Business/Economic Management Skills Marketing Financial Management Operations Management Human Resources Management Information Management Organization Management Strategic Planning SUSTAINABILITY [Resource Stewardship] Environmental Management Capabilities Water Quality Management Quality Management Air Wildlife Management Forest/Plant Management Visitor Management Resident/Community Management Commemorative Integrity
Information Management

Destination Monitoring

Destination Research

9th Edition - 2003

Chapter 15: Tourism Policy, Structure, Content and Process

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand Policy, Planning, and Development

General Economic & Social Policies Affecting Tourism

Taxation affects costs and thus profitability; Interest Rate Policy affects costs and thus profitability; Bilateral Air Agreements determines foreign visitor access; Environmental Policy limits growth and access to attractive, but sensitive areas; Customs and Immigration Policy can facilitate or hinder international visitation; Communications Policy can restrict use of certain advertising media; Minimum Wage Policy can affect labor markets; Welfare Policy can influence nature and behavior of work force; Education Policy can affect quality of workforce; Cultural Policy can affect preservation and promotion of national heritage; Foreign Investment Policy/Regulations can affect availability of investment capital; Local Zoning Policy/By-Laws can restrict or encourage tourism facility development; National/Provincial/Local Policy re: funding support for major public facilities (e.g. stadiums, convention centers, museums, parks) can drastically affect destination attractiveness; Infrastructure Policy can make destination safer for visitors, or restrict resident travel to foreign destinations; Currency/Exchange Rate Policies directly affects destination cost competitiveness; and Legal System determines consumer/visitor protection legislation (e.g. liability for failing to deliver advertised facilities/tours/experiences).

9th Edition - 2003

Chapter 15: Tourism Policy, Structure, Content and Process

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand Policy, Planning, and Development

Tourism: Some of its multiple interfaces with other sectors of the economy and society
Legal/Political Players Environmental Movement Technology Sector Entertainment Industry Financial Sector Education Sector

T O U R I S M
Transportation Industries and Infrastructure

Health Services Sector

Resource Extraction Industries

9th Edition - 2003

Chapter 15: Tourism Policy, Structure, Content and Process

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand Policy, Planning, and Development

The Structure and Composition of Tourism Policy

Tourism Philosophy Tourism Philosophy Tourism Vision Tourism Vision Destination Audit Destination Audit Tourism Objectives Tourism Objectives and Constraints and Constraints Supply Supply Development Development Strategies Strategies Demand Demand Development Development Strategies Strategies

Macro-Management Macro-Management Organizational Organizational Structure Structure

Operational/Tactical Operational/Tactical Supply Development Supply Development Policies/Programs Policies/Programs

Operational/Tactical Operational/Tactical Demand Development Demand Development Policies/Programs Policies/Programs

9th Edition - 2003

Chapter 15: Tourism Policy, Structure, Content and Process

Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies Part Four: Tourism Supply, Demand Policy, Planning, and Development

Destination Vision Framework

Preamble Core Vision Elements of the Vision
Ecology Awareness Visitor Experience Economy Community Governance On Which the Vision is Based Guiding Implementation of Vision

Values

Principles

9th Edition - 2003

Chapter 15: Tourism Policy, Structure, Content and Process