CONJUNCTIONS

1. Co-ordinating Conjunctions : Birletirme balalar 2. Correlative Conjunctions : Denklik balalar 3. Subordinating Conjunctions :Yan Cmle balalar
A - Co-ordinating Conjunctions
and, or, but, yet, nor, so, for, but / yet ztlk belirtir; eg, She is beautiful but/yet stupid. Everything around him was blown to pieces but/yet the minister escaped without a scratch. nor devrik biimde kullanlr eg. We hadnt gone on a holiday, nor had we let our students go. He refuses to take exercises, nor does he try to eat less. Egzersiz yapmay reddettii gibi az yemeye de almyor. so sonu bildiren bir balatr ( result). bu yzden anlam tar. eg. I was very sleepy last night, so I went to bed earlier than usual.

 for neden (reason) bildirir. Because gibi cmle banda kullanlmaz. eg. Dont lend him your money, for he doesnt pay it back. I have to stay at home today, for there is a strong storm outside.

B Correlative Conjunctions
kili olarak kullanlr. Cmleleri, isimleri, nesneleri, fiilleri ....balar. Both ... and, either .... or, neither ... nor, not only ... but also. Both ... And ( hem .... hem de) eg. Both his brother and his sister are married. ( subjects) He can both speak and write. (verbs) Either .... or (ya .... ya da) eg. I will learn either Spanish or French in addition to English. ( objects) She must have either missed the train or got up late. Neither ... Nor ( ne .... ne de) eg. He has neither talent nor the desire to learn English. She cant either see or hear. = She can neither see nor hear. Not only .... but also Yap olarak alumsuz anlam olarak olumlu. eg. Not only my father was there but also your father. She is not only arrogant but also selfish.

 does the Eiffel Tower dominate the skyline of Paris, . it is also a landmark of construction history. A) B) C) D) E) Hardly / when Neither / nor Not only / but Only if / as The more / the less

C Subordinating Conjunctions ( Adverbial Clauses)

TIME PLACE MANNER COMPARISON REASON PURPOSE RESULT CONCESSION
(ztlk) When, whenever, while, as, since, after, before, until/till, once, as soon as, now (that), the minute/moment (that), by the time, immediately, as long as Where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere As, as if, as though As ( adj or adv) as, not so/as ( adj or adv) as, -er than, the ...the, more (adj or adv) than Because, as, since, seing (that) So that, inorder that, for fear that, lest, in case So, so that, so ( adj or adv) that, such (a) adj+noun that Although, though, even, ( verb, adj or adv) as/though, even if, while much as, whereas, no matter QW ( question word), however ( adj/adv) If, unless, provided that, providing that, so/as long as, on condition that, assuming that, supposing, whether

CONDITION

1.

Conjunctions of Time

When, While/as eg. When he reaches his aim, he will be very rich man. While/as her son was playing with toys, she was cleaning the window As ( reason and time) eg. As it was in a public holiday, all shops were shut. As they live near us, we see them quite often. As I walked into the room, the phone started to ring. I wept bitterly as he told his life story. Once, as soon as, the moment/minute that, immediately eg. Once you have understood all these subjects, you can easily solve all problems. Btn bu konular anladnda btn problemleri kolaylkla zebilirsin. eg. They decided to climb the mountain as soon as the whether turned into sunny. eg. I want you to call me the moment/minute that you arrive there. Oraya varr varmaz beni araman istiyorum. eg. She wanted to change her room in the hotel immediately she learned that I lived next. Yan dairede kaldm renir renmez odasn deitirmek istedi.

By and Until/till
eg. I have posted the letter, they should receive it by Monday. They will receive it on Monday or before Monday. eg. I couldnt get up this morning. I stayed in the bed until/till 10:30. I got up after 10:30. eg. He had been wathing TV for eight hours until/till her mother came.

So long as / as long as ( If conditionals)

eg. I wont forget you so long as I live. He wont study his lessons as long as you play with him.

By the time
eg. By the time we get to the cinema, the film will already have started. By the time we got the cinema, the film had already started. By the time we got to the cinema, it was just three oclock By the time we get to the shops, they will be closed.

Now that
eg. Now that our project has finished, we can go a holiday. Madem projemiz bitmi, tatile gidebiliriz. eg. Now that we have enough money, we can buy a new car. Not: Now that genellikle present ve present perfect tenselerle kullanlr.

No sooner ....than, hardly .....when

eg. I had no sooner closed my eyes than I fell asleep. No sooner had I closed my eyes than I fell asleep. eg. We had hardly gone out when it began to rain. Hardly had we gone out when it began to rain. Henz dar kmtk ki yamur yamaya balad. eg. The film hardly began when the light went out.

Connecting words or phrases

eg. We swam in the sea. Afterwards, we ate something. After we swam in the sea, we ate something. She was laughing and crying at the same time The criminals will be executed concurrently. Sulular ayn anda idam edilecektir. They will call a doctor for you. In the meantime you should rest. I went on dealing with computer. Meanwhile my mom went to shopping. My family subsequently heard (that) I had left the country. Ailem lkeyi terketiimi sonradan rendi.

2. Conjunction of Place
wherever, anywhere, everywhere, I go, there are always crowds of people waiting to see me.

3. Conjunction of Manner ( tarz balalar)

As eg. He is different from others, he doesnt behave as others do. dierleri gibi davranmaz. As if/ as though be, act, behave, appear, seem, look, feel, smell, sound, taste eg. I feel as if I am going to be sick. He behaves as though nothing happened. We acted as if we had never seen each other before.

4. Conjunctions of Comparisons
As ...as, er ....than
eg. She is as clever as everybody in the class. I cant run so fast as you. You are much younger than you look. I dont read so many books as you read.

By comparison to / in comparison with ( ..... le karlatrldnda)

Eg. The tallest buildings in Turkey are small by comparison to those in New York. Trkiyedeki en uzun binalar New Yorktakiler ile karlatrldnda kktr. Our possessions are fewer in comparison with those of our ancients.

Compared to/with ( ile karlatrldnda)

Eg. Our students are more successful compared with/to other students.

Likewise, similarly ( ayn ekilde)

Eg. The meal was excellent likewise the desert. Equally ( ayn ekilde eit olarak) Eg. You should try to think which job is suitable for you, equally you should consider whether it is well paid or not.

4. Conjunction of reason
Because Since As Seeing that Seeing as Inasmuch as Because of On account of Thanks to Owing to Due to

Clause

noun, pronoun, gerund

Eg. Since / as she has been ill, she wont come to school today. Seeing that the weather was rainy, we decided to stay at home.

As, since, seeing that, bazan in view of the fact that anlamndadr.
Seeing that you dont like her, why did you invite her to the party. Madem ki ondan holanmyorsun niye onu partiye davet ettin. Seeing that ( as / since) you have no pity for yourself, dont you have any tenderness of heart for your own child. Merhametin yok diyelim kendine, merhamet etmezmisin evladna.

Examples.
Because the weather is rainy, we cant go out. Because of ( due to) the rainy weather, we cant go out. On account of lack of confidence, he couldnt speak to others . Thanks to him, we managed to finish this work. Owing to mobile phone, people can be in touch with themselves easily. Because of ( Due to) the fact that she is afraid of being alone, she refuses to stay at home. Owing to fact that he took me to work, I was able to get to office on time.

5.Conjunctions of Purpose
So that/ in order that
Eg. He has studied very hard so that he can pass the exam. I raised my voice in order that students could hear me.

in order that/ in order to / so as to

Eg. She wants to go abroad in order to/ so as to improve her English. She wants to go abroad in order that she can improve her English.

for fear that ( korkusuyla)

Eg. I took some more money before I set off for fear that I might need.

lest
Eg. I will phone you tomorrow, lest you should forget the date of meeting. Toplantnn tarihini unutmaman iin sana telefon edeceim. Toplantnn tarihini unutursun korkusuyla sana telefon edeceim.

6. Conjunctions of Result So ...(adj/adv).......that/ such .........(adj + noun)...............that eg. The child is so naughty that we have to hide all fragile things. He is such a naughty child that we have to hide all fragile things. He is so naughty a child that we have to hide all fragile things. It was such an interesting book that I couldnt stop reading it until I finished. It was so interesting a book that I couldnt stop reading it until I finished. He was driving the car so fast that we were all afraid of having an accident

7. Conjunctions of Concession (ztlk)

Although, though, even, ( verb, adj or adv) as/though, even if, while, much as, whereas, no matter QW ( question word), however ( adj/adv) Although/though/even though ( ramen) eg. Although the thief had escaped, the police were able to catch him later. he came to the school even though he was very ill. I left home very early, I couldn't get the office on time, though. I left home very early, though I couldn't get the office on time. I didnt like the cast of film, but/yet I like its theme. Although = Despite & In spite of eg. Despite/In spite of the rain, we went to the picnic. Despite/In spite of the fact that I am ill, I go on studying. Although = much as = eg. Much as I hate being laughed, I sometimes laugh at people. Hard as (though) I try to solve the problem, I couldnt.
Not:

Alhough,though, as, much as, even though balalarndan sonra cmle gelir.

However/nevertheless/nonetheless Eg. However hard I study, I cant manage to take higher score. We liked the natural park; however/nevertheless/nonetheless we couldnt stay there long. Even if Eg. Even if you disagree with her, she is worth listening to. Whereas Eg. Glcan is lively and talkative, whereas I am very quiet and reserved. Glcan neeli ve konukan olmasna karn, ben sezsiz ve ekingenimdir. While Eg. English is spoken by all over the world while German is spoken by only a few people outside Germany itself. Almanca almanyann kendisi dnda ok az konuulmasna karn ngilizce dnyann her tarafnda konuulur. No matter + QW Eg. No matter what you do, dont give up studying. Dont open the door, no matter who came. Kim gelirse gelsin, sakn kapy ama.

However adj/adv Eg. We will all pass the exam however difficult the YDS exam is. However much he eats, he never puts on weight. As/though Eg. Try as/though might, he couldnt open the window. ne kadar denediyse de pencereyi aamad. Young as he is, he knows more than us. Carefully though he drives, it is impossible for him to have an accident in such a traffic jam.

However late it is, you can call me for help. No matter how late it is, you can call me for help.
By/in contrast (aksine) Eg. By contrast, nobody loves you. Their sails, in contrast, increased incredibly. On the contrary (aksine) Eg. The exam was not difficult; on the contrary, everybody could pass the exam. Anyway/Anyhow ( her naslsa ...) Eg. Dont make bet with me, anyhow youll lose. All the same ( yine de, buna ramen) Eg. The teacher knows that some of his students dont study at home in the evenings, but he goes on giving them homework all the same.

On the one hand ....../ On the other hand Eg. Some countries are rich, however, others are poor. Some Countries are rich. Others, on the other hand, are poor. Eg. His family is really poor, so he didnt know what to do. On the one hand he wants to go to university for his education, on the other hand he knows his family cant affort it. REDUCTION OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES While I was surfing on net last night, I found the information I needed. While surfing on net last night, I found the information I needed. Surfing on net last night, I found the information I needed. After we had waken up, we had something. After waking up, we had something. having waken up, we had something. Before you went to bed, you should have set the alarm. Before going to bed, you should have set the alarm. Not: Before ksaltma yaplrken kesinlikle atlmaz. When I was a young boy, I could eat a lamb myself. When a young boy, I could eat a lamb myself. When she arrived at the airport, she called us. On/upon arriving at the airport, she called us. Because you are students, you should study all time. Being students, you should study all time. Since she was tired, she didnt want to talk to us. Being tired, she didnt want to talk to us. Because I had eaten something before, I am not hungry. Having eaten something before, I am not hungry