Veins oI the Head and neck

Venous drainage Irom

the Iace is entirely
superIicial
All the venous drainage
Irom the head and neck
terminate in the internal
fugular vein which join
the subclavian vein to
Iorm the
brachiocephalic vein
behind the medial end
oI the clavicle
Veins oI the Head and neck
Internal jugular vein:
It receive blood from the brain,
face and the neck.
It emerges through the jugular
foramen,as a continuation of
the sigmoid sinus descend down
in the neck, first behind then
lateral to the internal carotid
artery inside the carotid sheath
Veins oI the Head and neck
%he deep cervical lymph nodes
are adjacent to the vein
%erminate beneath the triangular
interval between the sternal and
the clavicular head of the
sternocleidomastoid muscle joining
the subclavian vein to form the
brachiocephalic vein
Veins oI the Head and neck
The superior and inIerior bulbs:
are dilatation near the origin and the
termination oI the vein.
Above the inIerior bulb is a bicuspid
valve
Skin, superIicial Iascia, platysma,
deep cervical Iascia and parotid
lies lateral and anteriorly
Veins oI the Head and neck
Tributaries:
Inferior petrosal sinus:
assist in draining the
cavernous sinus
leaves through anterior part
of jugular foramen
join the vein below the
superior bulb
Veins oI the Head and neck
Facial vein:
is formed by the union of the
supraorbital and supratrochlear
veins the medial canthus to form
the angular vein
Communicate with the cavernous
sinus through the ophthalmic vein
via the supraorbital
Veins oI the Head and neck Facial vein:
descend on the face behind the
facial artery to the lower border
of the mandible
to be joined by the anterior
division of the retomandibular vein
oins the:
pterygoid plexus through deep
facial vein
Cavernous sinus through
superior ophthalmic vein
Veins oI the Head and neck
Retromandibular vein:
formed by the union of
superficial temporal and
maxillary vein from the
pterygoid plexus
passes downwards in the
substance of the parotid
gland emerging from its
lower border & divide
into two divisions
Veins oI the Head and neck Retromandibular vein:
Anterior division:
joins the Iacial vein
Posterior division:
pierces the deep Iascia and
join the posterior auricular
to Iorm the external
jugular.
It empty into the subclavian
vein
Veins oI the Head and neck
1he maxillary vein:
A short trunk accompany the
Iirst part oI the artery.
Formed by conIluence oI the
veins oI the pterygoid plexus.
It passes backward between the
sphenomandibular ligament and
the neck oI the mandible
Unite with the superficial
temporal vein to Iorm the
retromadibular vein.
Veins oI the Head and neck
Pterygoid plexus:
network of very small veins, lie
around and within the lateral
pterygoid muscle in the
infratemporal region
receive some of the veins that
correspond to the maxillary
artery, inferior ophthalmic vein
(internal carotid blood) and the
deep facial vein.
Veins oI the Head and neck Pterygoid plexus:
Drain into a pair oI large,
short maxillary veins which
join the superIicial temporal
vein to Iorm the
retromandibular.
Deep Iacial vein drain the
plexus into the facial vein iI
the maxillary is occluded
Veins oI the Head and neck
Pterygoid plexus:
Act as peripheral pump, to aid venous return
by the pumping action oI the muscle every
time the mouth is opened.
Yawing, a prolonged and Iorcible contraction
oI the lateral pterygoid to open the mouth, is
accompanied by contraction oI the
diaphragm and stretching oI limbs, is a reIlex
triggered by venous stagnation
Veins oI the Head and neck
Pharyngeal veins:
drain the pharyngeal
plexus on the outer surIace
oI the pharynx.
End in the internal jugular
vein , the Iacial the lingual
or the superior thyroid
veins
Veins oI the Head and neck
Lingual vein:
the tip drain into the deep
lingual vein, visible on the
under surIace near the midline
run back superIicial to the
hypoglossus and is joined by
the sublingual vein Irom the
gland to Iorm vena comtians
join the internal jugular near
the greater horn oI the hyoid
bone
Veins oI the Head and neck
Superior thyroid vein:
leaves the superior pole oI the
thyroid gland and empty in the
Iacial or the internal jugular
Middle thyroid vein:
short and wide, pass Irom the
middle oI the pole directly into
the internal jugular
Occipital vein:
join the internal jugular but
more oIten join the vertebral or
the posterior auricular
Veins oI the Head and neck
Anterior jugular vein:
start below the chin, pass
beneath the platysma to the
suprasternal notch.
Pierce the deep Iascia and is
connected to the other side by
an anastomosing vein the
jugular arch
angle laterally to pass deep to
sternocleidomastoid and open
in the external jugular vein
Veins oI the Head and neck
External jugular vein:
Begins behind the angle oI the mandible
by the union oI the posterior auricular
and posterior division of the
retromandibular veins.
It descend obliquely, deep to the
platysma, receive the posterior external
jugular vein
pierce the deep Iascia just above the
clavicle and drain into the subclavian
vein
Veins oI the Head and neck
Tributaries:
!osterior auricular vein
posterior division of retro
mandibular vein
!osterior exernal jugular vein
transverse cervical vein
suprascapular vein
anterior jugular vein