InfIammation/Pain

Aspirin/ibuprofen, naproxen
InfIammation, infIammatory pain
Mechanism = COX I, II inhibition = decrease PGE2
Safety profiIe = fair, bIeeding, uIcers
Acetaminophin (TyIenoI)
Pain, Iower temp
Mechanism: ??
Safety profiIe = good, Iiver damage, overdose, aIcohoI
GIucocorticoids
InfIammation, infIammatory pain
Mechanism = immunosuppression
Safety profiIe = danger with Iong term use
Opiates
Pain onIy
Mechanism: mimic endogenous opioids (mu receptor)
Safety = poor, euphoria sedation, addiction,
respiratory depression
InfIammation
Histamine H1 Antagonists (BenedryI)
Upper Respiratory InfIammation (coId, aIIergies)
Mechanism = inhibition of histamine action on
infIammatory secretion
Safety profiIe = fair, dry mouth, sedation
(AIIegra does not cross into brain = Iess sedation
AIpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists (neo-synephrine)
Upper Respiratory InfIammation (coId, aIIergies
Mechanism = constriction of bIood vesseIs
Safety profiIe = CNS stimuIation, hypertension
CardiovascuIar
Beta-1 adrenergic agonists
Increased heart rate, force of contraction
Mechanism: activation of beta-1 adrenergic receptors
Safety profiIe =
Beta-1 adrenergic antagonists
Decreased heart rate, force of contraction, vasoIiIation
tachycardia, heart faiIure, hypertension
Mechanism: antagonism of beta-1 adrenergic receptors
Safety profiIe = good, fatigue, depression
CaIcium ChanneI Antagonists
Decreased heart rate, force of contraction, vasoIiIation
tachycardia, heart faiIure, hypertension
Mechanism: antagonism of cardiac & smooth muscIe caIcium channeIs
Safety profiIe = good, fatigue, edema
DigitaIis
Increased heart force of contraction, sIows heart rate
Mechanism: inhibition of cardiac conduction / Na+ pumps
Heart faiIure
Safety = good
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Antagonists (LisinopriI)
Decrease bIood pressure, hypertension, heart faiIure
Mechanism: bIock conversion of Angio I to Angio II
Safety = good
Respiratory
Beta-2 adrenergic agonists
ReIaxation of the bronchi, asthma acute
Mechanism: activation of beta-2 adrenergic receptors
Safety profiIe = good, inhaIation
GIucocorticoids
AntinfIammation, asthma chronic
Mechanism: immunosuppression
Safety profiIe = good, inhaIation
TheophyIIine, Caffeine
ReIaxation of bronchi, asthma
Mechanism: increased cycIic AMP
Safety profiIe = good
Leukotriene Antagonists
AntinfIammation, asthma chronic
Mechanism: Inhibition of the 5-Iipoxygenase pathway
Safety = good
CNS
Antidepressants (ZoIoft, PaxiI, Effexor, Prozac)
Depression
Mechanism: inhibition of serotonin and/or norepinephrine reuptake
Safety profiIe = poor, many side effects to moduIation of autonomic
n.s. function
AnxioIytic (VaIium)
Anxiety
Mechanism: potentiation of GABA
Safety profiIe = good, sedation, addiction
Hypnotics (Ambien)
Insominia
Mechanism: potentiation of GABA
Safety profiIe = good, sedation, addiction
CNS StimuIants (amphetamines, AdderaII, RitaIin)
ADHD
Mechanism: Dopamine reIease
Safety = good in chiIdren, poor in aduIts, addiction, stimuIation
CNS
Antipsychotics (chIorpromazine, HaIdoI)
Schizophrenia
Mechanism: antagonism of dopamine-2 receptors
Safety profiIe = poor, many side effects to moduIation of autonomic n.s.
function
Parkinson's Disease (L-DOPA)
Mechanism: stimuIation of dopamine-2 receptors
Safety profiIe = fair, toIerance
GeneraI Anesthetics (gases, i.v, e.g., proprofoI)
Anesthesia
Mechanism: affect GABA systems
Safety: criticaI care
LocaI Anesthetics (Iidocaine)
LocaI injection, dentistry
Mechanism: membrane stabiIization
Safety = good i