AHADITH Its significance & development

compiled & presented by : Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (PERGAS)

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95: 4 : Quran : An-Nisa

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Quran : An-Nisa : 4 :59

O You who believe ! Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger, and those charged with authority from among you. If you differ in anything among yourselves, refer it back to Allah and to His Messenger, if you do believe in Allah and the Last day : That is best and most suitable for final determination.
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12 : 33 : Quran : Al-Ahzab

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Quran : Al-Ahzab : 33 : 21
Verily, in the Messenger of Allah you have a good example for everyone who looks forward (with hope and awe) to Allah and the Last day, and who engages in the remembrance of Allah unceasingly.

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4-3 : 35 : Quran : An-Najm

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Quran : An-Najm : 53 : 3-4

and neither does he speak out of his own desire : that (which he conveys to you) is but (a divine) inspiration with which he is being inspired - something that a very mighty one has imparted to him..

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7 : 95 : Quran : Al-Hashr

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Quran : Al-Hashr : 59 : 7
Hence, accept (willingly) whatever the Messenger gives you (thereof), and refrain from (demanding) anything that he withholds from you; and remain conscious of Allah : for verily, Allah is severe in retribution.

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Quran : An-Nisa : 4 : 64

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Quran : An-Nisa : 4 : 64

For We have never sent any Messenger except that he should be heeded (obeyed) by Allahs leave.

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56 : 4 : Quran : An-Nisa

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Quran : An-Nisa : 4 : 65

But nay. By thy Sustainer! They do not [really] believe unless they make thee [O Prophet] the judge of all on which they disagree among themselves, and then find in their hearts no resistance against thy decision, but accept it in full submission.
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2: 26 : Quran : Al-Jumuah

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Quran : Al-Jumuah : 62 :2
He (Allah) it is who has sent unto the unlettered people a Messenger from among themselves, to convey unto them His messages, and to cause them to grow in purity, and to impart unto them the divine Writ as well as Wisdom - whereas before that they were indeed, most obviously, lost in error -; and (to cause the message to spread) from them unto other people as soon as they come into contact with them : for He (Allah) alone is almighty, truly wise !
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63: 33 : Quran : Al-Ahzab

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Quran : Al-Ahzab : 33 :36

Now whenever Allah and His Messenger have decided a matter, it is not for a believing man or a believing woman to claim freedom of choice insofar as they themselves are concerned; for he who (thus) rebels against Allah and His Messenger has already, most obviously, gone astray.
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Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) said :

...I leave behind me two things,

whomsoever hold fast to these two, they will never be led astray : (these are) the Book of Allah and the Sunnah (Way) of His Messenger. (Hadith reported by Malik)
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The Sunnah explains or elaborates the Quran

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The Sunnah explains or elaborates the Quran

And upon thee (too) have We bestowed from on high this reminder, so that thou might make clear unto mankind all that has ever been thus bestowed upon them, and that they might take thought. (Quran : An-Nahl : 44)
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The Sunnah explains or elaborates the Quran

.....and be constant in as-Solah (that is the fixed obligatory daily prayer) (Quran : al-Baqarah : 2 : 43)
But the Quran does not provide the detail, thus the Prophet (pbuh) said :

Establish as-Solah as you see me do (Hadith reported by Bukhary)

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What is Sunnah ?
(it means) :

the way ... or ... the law

It is usually used to indicate the practice or the teachings of our Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and are divided into : Qau-liyyah (sayings) Taqririyyah (consent) Filiyyah (actions) Hammiyyah (resolve)
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Historical Background

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Teaching of Sunnah during the Prophets time.

Prophet (pbuh) taught by :

(1) Verbal teaching (2) Written medium (dictation to scribes) (3) Practical demonstration
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What is Hadith ?
(Plural is Ahadith - it means) :

the news , the report ..or .. narration

It is usually used to refer to the report or sayings, transmitted through a chain of people, and originated from or upto the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Thus a Hadith contains the Sunnah
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Was Hadith ever written down during the Prophets time ?

An Ansarite complained to the Prophet (pbuh) that he had weak memory and that he easily forgot the Prophets instructive discourses. The Prophet (pbuh) replied Take the aid of thy right hand (i.e. write it down). (Hadith reported by at-Tirmidzi)
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Was Hadith ever written down during the Prophets time ?

Abdallah ibn Amr ibn al-As, a young Meccan had a habit of writings down all that the Prophet used to say. Abdallah went to the Prophet and asked him if one could note all that he said. He replied :Yes. Abdallah persisted :Even when thou art happy and satisfied, even when thou art annoyed ? The Prophet said : Of course, by Allah ! Nothing that comes out of this mouth is ever a lie. (Hadith reported by at-Tirmidzi)
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Tahamul al-Ilmul-al-Hadith ( Learning of Ahadith )

Methods of learning Ahadith :

(1) Sama - reading by teacher

(2) Ardl - reading to teacher (3) Ijazah - confer permission (4) Munawalah - conferring the materials (5) Mukatabah - writing (6) Ilam - conferring authority (7) Wasiyah - bequeathing books (8) Wijadah - writings which are found
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Period of Compilation of Ahadith Corpus

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What is Hadith ?
It contains two parts :

ISNAD - (chain of narrators of the report)

MATN - (the content of the teaching from
the Prophet [pbuh])
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What is Hadith ?
Example of Hadith

from from from from

Imam Bukhary -reported Musa Abu Awanah Abu Hussain Abu Hurayrah - who heard Prophet Muhammad [pbuh] said :

Whosoever fabricates falsehood intentionally against me, let him seek his abode in hell-fire.
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Categorization of Hadith
According to the number of Isnad

MUTAWWATIR
a Sunnah reported by 4 or more chains of narrators (ISNAD)
VERY RELIABLE

AHAD
a Sunnah reported by 3 or less chains of narrators (ISNAD)
RELIABILITY DEPENDS ON STRENGTH OF CHAIN

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Sample of Mutawwatir Hadith

Al-Bukhary Musa Abu Awanah Abu Hussain Abu Hurairah Muslim Ali al-Hidir Ali b Mushir Muhammad b Qais Ali b Rabiah Al-Mughirah Ad-Darimi Muhammad b Esa Haitsam Abu Zubair Jabir Abu Dawud Amr b Aun Musaddad Wabrah Amir Abdullah b Zubair Az-Zubair Ibn Majah Muhamad b Ramh Al-Laits Abnu Shihab Anas

Whosoever fabricates falsehood intentionally against me, let him seek his abode in hell-fire.
At-Tirmidzi Abu Hisham Abu Bakr b Ayyasy Ashim Zirr Ibnu Masud Ath-Thayalisi Abdur Rahman Abis-Zinad Amr b Saied Uthman Abu Hanifah Athiyah Abi Saied al-Khudri Ath-Thabrani Abu Ishaq Ibrahim Nubaith b Syarieth Al-Hakim Abul-Fadl b Al-Husain Muhamad b A Wahab Jaafar b Aun Abu Hayyan Jazid b Hayyan Zaid b Arqam

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Categorization of Hadith
Further categorization of Ahad hadith on the basis of number of Chains.

Mash-hur
(well-known)
narrated by way of 3 chains

Aziz
(strong)
narrated by

Gharib
(rare)
narrated by a single chain
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2 chains
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Science of Hadith Criticism

Al-ilm al-Jarh wa alTadil
(The knowledge of invalidating and declaring reliable in Hadith)
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Science of Hadith Criticism

Checking upon the Isnad (chain of narrators) Checking upon the Matn (the text) Checking the integrity of the Rawi (the narrators)

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Reasons for rejection of a Hadith

Due to defects of the narrator.

Due to discontinuity in the chain.

Due to incidental reasons.

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Five criteria for the acceptance a Hadith

Continuity of the chain Integrity of the transmitter (narrator) Soundness of narrators memory Conformity to stronger sources Absence of hidden defects

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Rijal al-Hadith
(the narrators of Ahadith)

Detailed account of every narrators. Their strength and weakness subjected to scrutiny Grading them according grades of reliability (Adl, Tsiqa, Saduq, Saduq yahim, Maqbul, Layyin) Even those unreliable were identified (Majhul, Muttaham bil-kadzib, Kadzaab)
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Principles for criticism of the Matn (text) of a Hadith

Not contrary to Quran & authentic Ahadith Not illogical, against common law Not out of proportion Not containing too much detail on prophecy Not contrary to the position of the Prophet (pbuh) Personal praise or condemnation of any Companions, tribes or places is suspect.

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Categorization of Hadith
Ahadith which are Mash-hur or Aziz

Maqbul
(Accepted) Shahih Authentic Hassan Good

Mardud
( Rejected ) Dhoif Weak Maudhu Fabrication
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Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

Six famous Authentic books of Ahadith (Shihahus-sittah)

Ash-Shahih - Imam Bukhary

Al-Musnad ash-Shahih - Imam Muslim Sunan - Imam Abu Dawud Sunan al-Mujtaba - Imam An-Nasai Sunan - Imam At-Tirmidzi

Sunan - Imam Ibnu Majah

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