NORMALISATION

Done by: Sebastian Koh Team Nutmeg V2

Objectives
Purpose of normalisation

Problems with redundant data

What is normalisation
is the process of efficiently organising data in a database

creating tables and establishing relationships between

tables

Purpose of normalisation
create an accurate representation of the data,

relationships and constraints eliminating redundant data ensuring data dependencies make sense reduce the amount of space a database consumes ensure that data is logically stored prevent possible occurrence of update anomalies permit efficient updates of the data avoid danger of losing data unknowingly

Problems with redundant data

data wastes disk space

creates maintenance problems

might lose data must be changed if data exist more than one place must be changed in exactly the same way in all locations

Example of un-normalised table

Student No Care Person

Staff-Room Class 1 14-7 10-7 21-5-114 15-7-48

Class 2 23-3-67 14-6-64

Class 3 19-1-67 15-6-53

1234A 5678B

Mr Boey Mr Foo

Example of normalised table(1NF) No Repeating Group

Student No Care Person Staff-Room Class No

1234A 1234A 1234A

Mr Boey Mr Boey Mr Boey

14-7 14-7 14-7

21-5-114 23-3-67 19-1-67

5678B
5678B 5678B

Mr Foo
Mr Foo Mr Foo

10-7
10-7 10-7

15-7-48
14-6-64 15-6-53

Example of normalised table(2NF) Eliminating Redundant data

Student No Class No

1234A
Student No Care Person Staff-Room

21-5-114 23-3-67 19-1-67

1234A 1234A

1234A 5678B

Mr Boey Mr Foo

14-7 10-7

5678B
5678B 5678B

15-7-48
14-6-64 15-6-53

Ways to solve redundant data

First Normal Form(1NF)

Second Normal Form(2NF)

Third Normal Form(3NF) Boyce-Codd Normal Form(BCNF)

Reference:
http://databases.about.com/od/specificproducts/a/normali

zation.htm http://support.microsoft.com/kb/283878

THANK YOU