A Picture

is worth a thousand words

Some Sweet Ones

Some Bitter Ones

CHILD LABOUR

Child labour is not only a social problem but also an economic one Watching a young child work for fourteen hours a-day is what is termed as child labor. Child labour has a predominant feature in Indian society carpet industry requires the fine little fingers to weave the finest and tiniest of knots to create the most expensive of carpets firecracker industry probably prefers kids to men because they are cost effective and more efficient Even household labor children last longer and are more honest than adults; is a claim made by most homemakers

IPEC

Child labour is a problem

Because it jeopardizes

Health

Education

Human rights

Future

Child Labour Fact Sheet

73 million working children are less than 10 years old. While buffaloes may cost up to 15,000 rupees , children are sold at prices between 500 and 2,000 rupees. 47 out of 100 children in India enrolled in class I reach class VIII, putting the dropout rate at 52.79%. Approximately 16.64% of villages in the country do not have facilities for primary schooling. (UNICEF) 42 million children in the age-group 6-14 years do not attend school in India.

Where It Occurs

There are 27 million adult and child slaves in the world today. 246 million children aged 5-17 are child workers throughout the world.

Source: Bales, Kevin. 2000. Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy. University of California Press. Source: IPEC Action Against Child Labor: Highlights 2002. 2002. Geneva: International Labor Organization. Source: UNICEF. <www.unicef.org/protection/index_childlabour.html> (May 2, 2004).

CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA : AN OVERVIEW

per cent of Worlds Children live in India Children in the age group of 0-14 constitute about 360 Million (35.3 Per cent) Children in the age group of 5-14 constitute about 253 Million (24.6 Per cent) 87 Million children (34 per cent of total population of children in the country) are not attending educational institutions
19

Some Facts on Children labor in India

India is 10th highest GDP country in the World Of every 100 rupees in the Union Budget of 2007-2008, only 4 rupees and 84 paisa had been promised for children (it is 1.23 per cent less than earlier budget) Out of childrens budget (Rs. 32958.33 crore), the share of :

Development Health Protection Education

16.66 per cent 10.02 per cent 0.92 per cent 72.40 per cent

12.7 Million total child labour

5.8 Million full time 6.9 Million part time

Some Facts on Child Labour Employment

Occupations Manufacturing and Repair Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry & Fishing Public Administration and Extra Terristorial Organizations and Bodies Wholesale and Retail trade Construction 05.75 Transport, Storage and Communication Hotels and Restaurants Financed Intermediation and Red Estate Renting etc. Mining and quarrying Electricity, Gas and Wider Supply

Per cent 48.01 20.28 10.03

10.02
01.77 01.71 01.26 01.06 00.11

Causes of Child Labour

mouths to feed, Children are employed in various forms of work. ILLITERACY :Illiterate parents do not realize the need for a proper physical,emotional and cognitive development of a child. POVERTY: Many a time poverty forces parents to send their children to hazardous jobs.

OVER POPULATION: limited resources and more

URBANIZATION: MNC's and export industries in

the developing world employ child workers, particularly in the garment industry.

Causes of Child Labour

ORPHANS: Children born out of wedlock, children with no

parents and relatives, often do not find anyone to support them. Thus they are forced to work for their own living. the root of the problem Even if a family is very poor, the incidence of child labour will be very low unless there are people willing to exploit these children.

WILLINGNESS TO EXPLOIT CHILDREN: This is at

UNEMPLOYMENT OF ELDERS: Elders often find it

difficult to get jobs. The industrialists and factory owners find it profitable to employ children. This is so because they can pay less and extract more work. They will also not create union problem.

Consequences For Children..

Physical injuries and mutilations are caused by badly

maintained machinery on farms and in factories, machete accidents in plantations, and any number of hazards encountered in industries such as mining, ceramics and fireworks manufacture Pesticide poisoning is one of the biggest killers of child laborers. In Sri Lanka, pesticides kill more children than diphtheria, malaria, polio and tetanus combined. The global death toll each year from pesticides is supposed to be approximately 40'000 Growth deficiency is prevalent among working children, who tend to be shorter and lighter than other children; these deficiencies also impact on their adult life

Consequences For Children..

Long-term health problems, such as respiratory

disease, asbestosis and a variety of cancers, are common in countries where children are forced to work with dangerous chemicals

HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted

diseases are rife among the one million children forced into prostitution every year; pregnancy, drug addiction and mental illness are also common among child prostitutes Exhaustion and malnutrition are a result of underdeveloped children performing heavy manual labour, working long hours in unbearable conditions and not earning enough to feed themselves adequately

LAWS

National Policy on Child Labour was formulated in 1987. prohibition of children being employed in hazardous occupations and processes. Poverty being the main root cause the govt has decided to generate the employment supplementary nutrition and regular health check ups so as to prepare them to join regular mainstream schools

Initiatives towards Elimination of Child Labour

The government has made efforts to prohibit child labor by enacting Child labor laws in India including the 1986 Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Government has accordingly been taking proactive steps to tackle this problem through strict enforcement of legislative provisions along with simultaneous rehabilitative measures State Governments, which are the appropriate implementing authorities, have been conducting regular inspections and raids to detect cases of violations Government has been laying a lot of emphasis on the rehabilitation of these children and on improving the economic conditions of their families

THE CHILD LABOUR (Prohibition and Regulation) ACT, 1986

OBJECT:To prohibit the engagement of children in certain employments and to regulate the conditions of work or children in certain other employments DEFINITION:Child: Child means a person who has not completed his fourteen years of age. APPLICABILITY: In extends to the whole of India WEEKLY HOLIDAY:Every child shall be allowed in each week a holiday of one whole day. HOURS AND PERIOD OF WORK: The period of work on each day shall not exceed three hours and no child shall work for more than three hours before he has had an interval for rest for at least one hour. No child shall be permitted or required to work between 7 P.m. and 8 a.m. No child shall be required or permitted to work overtime.

PROHIBITION OF EMPLOYMENT OF CHILDREN IN CERTAIN OCCUPATIONS AND PROCESSES

1. Transport of passengers, goods; or mails by railway 2. Cinder picking, clearing of an ash pit or building operation in the railway premise. 3. Work in a catering establishment at a railway station, involving the movement of vendor or any other employee of the establishment from one platform to another or into or out of a moving train. 4. Work relating to the construction of railway station or with any other work where such work is done in close proximity to or between the railway lines. 5. The port authority within the limits of any port. 107 6. Work relating to selling of crackers and fireworks in shops with temporary licenses 7. Abattoirs/slaughter Houses 8. Automobile workshops and garages. 9. Founderies 10. Handling of taxies or inflammable substance or explosives 11. Handlom and powerloom industry 12. Mines (Under ground and under water) and collieries 13. Plastic units and Fiber glass workship

THE CHILD LABOUR (Prohibition and Regulation) ACT, 1986

PENALITIES:
Section-3 shall be punishable with imprisonment which shall
not be less than three months which may extend to one year or with fine which shall not be less than ten thousand rupees but which may Extend totwenty thousand rupees or with both

section (3)

shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall

not be less than six months but which may extend to two years. Any other violations under the Act shall be punishable with simple imprisonment, which may extend to one month or with fine, which may extend to ten thousand rupees or with both.

Hope
to

Have Every Child of India

in

School
through

Synergic Efforts

CHILD LABOUR

The Silent Killer

Children are remarkably imaginative and resilient - but also heartbreakingly fragile and vulnerable.
So let us share their dreams And shape their future .

Child Abuse

So long as little children are allowed to suffer, there is no true love in this world
Duncan

Child Abuse
In 1999, the WHO Consultation on Child Abuse Prevention compared definitions of abuse from 58 countries and drafted the following definition:

Child abuse or maltreatment constitutes all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the childs health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power.

Definition of Child Abuse

The physical or mental injury, sexual abuse or exploitation, negligent treatment, or maltreatment of a child under the age of 18 by a person who is responsible for the childs welfare under circumstances which indicate that the childs health or welfare is harmed or threatened.
Child Welfare Act

Types of Child Abuse

Physical Abuse Sexual Abuse Emotional Abuse Neglect

Physical Abuse
Physical abuse is any non-accidental injury to

a child under the age of 18 by a parent or

caretaker. These injuries may include beatings, shaking, burns, human bites, strangulation, or immersion in scalding water or others, with resulting bruises and welts, fractures, scars, burns, internal injuries or any other injuries.

Emotional Abuse

Emotional abuse includes the failure of a caregiver to provide an appropriate and supportive environment, and includes acts that have an adverse effect on the emotional health and development of a child. Such acts include restricting a childs movements, denigration, ridicule, threats and intimidation, discrimination, rejection and other nonphysical forms of hostile treatment.

Neglect

Neglect refers to the failure of a parent to provide for the development of the child where the parent is in a position to do so in one or more of the following areas: health, education, emotional development, nutrition, shelter and safe living conditions. Neglect is thus distinguished from circumstances of poverty in that neglect can occur only in cases where reasonable resources are available to the family or caregiver.

CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE Definition

Child sexual abuse is the exploitation of a child or adolescent for the sexual gratification of another person.

SEXUALLY ABUSIVE BEHAVIORS

CN u explain the meaning of the below)

Voyeurism Fondling Child prostitution Child pornography Intercourse

Sodomy Oral-genital

stimulation

Verbal stimulation Exhibitionism

Three Major Components of Child Abuse

Child + Care Giver + Stress = Child Abuse

Who are at Risk

-Abuse most common in children < 1 yr. old -Girls more frequently abused at older age vs. boys

TABLE 2 Risk Factors for Child Abuse

Community/societal High crime rate Lack of or few social services High poverty rate High unemployment rate Parent-related Personal history of physical or sexual abuse as a child Teenage parents Single parent Emotional immaturity Poor coping skills Low self-esteem Personal history of substance abuse Known history of child abuse Parent-related (continued) Lack of social support Domestic violence Lack of parenting skills Lack of preparation for the extreme stress of having a new infant History of depression or other mental health problems Multiple young children Unwanted pregnancy Denial of pregnancy Child-related Prematurity Low birth weight Handicap

The Extent of the Problem

Fatal abuse

According to the World Health Organization, there were an estimated 570 000 deaths attributed to homicide among children under 15 years of age in 2000 around the world. Global estimates of child homicide suggest that infants and very young children are at greatest risk, and those who live in developing countries. According to the WORLD REPORT ON VIOLENCE AND HEALTH by WHO among children in Egypt, 37% reported being beaten or tied up by their parents and 16% reported physical injuries such as fractures, loss of consciousness or permanent disability as a result of being beaten or tied up.

Non-fatal abuse

Rates of harsh or moderate forms of physical punishment (WHO) WORLD REPORT ON VIOLENCE AND HEALTH (2002)

Rates of verbal or psychological punishment (WHO) WORLD REPORT ON VIOLENCE AND HEALTH (2002)

The Cycle of Abuse...

Family violence Abuser-to abuser cycle Factors in altering the cycle of violence

Recognizing Abuse Injuries...

Skin Injuries

TEARS

Human Bite Marks Hair Loss Falls Head, facial, oral injuries Shaken baby Syndrome

Indicators of Child Abuse (Discovered by Family Doctor)

Type of Abuse Physical Indicators Unexplained bruises, welts, burns, fractures, or bald patches on scalp Behavioral Indicators Wary of adult contact, frightened of parents or afraid to go home, withdrawn or aggressive, moves uncomfortably, wears inappropriate clothing for weather Advanced sexual knowledge, promiscuity, sudden school difficulties, self-imposed social isolation, avoidance of physical contact or closeness, depression Habit disorders, antisocial or destructive behaviors, neurotic traits, behavior extremes, developmental delays Self-destructive behaviors, begging or stealing food, constant fatigue, assuming adult responsibilities or concerns, frequently absent or tardy, states no caretaker in home

Physical

Sexual

Difficulty walking or sitting; torn or stained/blood underclothes; pain, itching, bruises, swelling in genital area; frequent urinary or yeast infections Speech or communicative disorder, delayed physical development, exacerbation of existing conditions, substance abuse Consistent hunger, poor hygiene, inappropriate dress, unattended medical problems, underweight, failure to thrive

Emotional

Neglect

Common Features of Successful Child Abuse Prevention Programs _______________________________________

Strengthen family and community connections and support. Treat parents as vital contributors to their children's growth and development. Create opportunities for parents to feel empowered to act on their own behalf. Respect the integrity of the family. Enhance parents' capability to foster the optimal development of their children and themselves. Establish links with community support systems. Provide settings where parents and children can gather, interact, support and learn from each other. Enhance coordination and integration of services needed by families. Enhance community awareness of the importance of healthy parenting practices.

NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR PROTECTION, REHABILITATION AND INTEGRATION OF STREET CHILDREN

Ensure all rights of street children through: Changing the community's negative perception. Building a comprehensive database. Capacity building for cadres dealing with street children. Introducing legal amendments and strengthening enforcement mechanisms. Supporting NGOs caring for street children from drug abuse, violence and exploitation. Demonstrating vocational, health and psychological rehabilitation services. Expanding the social net programs and direct services for poor families to eradicate root causes of the problem.