The great indian mathematician-astronomer

He is the first in the line of great mathematicianastronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. Aryabhata is the father of the Hindu-Arabic or the Decimal number system which has become universal today. His most famous works are the Aryabhatiya and AryaSiddhanta.

Aryabhata , born 476 A.D in Patliputra in Magadha is now modern Patna in Bihar. There are several tales of claim for his origins. Many believe that he was born in the south of India around the Kerala region and lived in Magadha at the time of the Gupta rulers; time which is known as the golden age of India. There is no evidence that he was born outside Patliputra and traveled to Magadha, the centre of instruction, culture and knowledge for his studies where he even set up a coaching institute. His first name "Arya" is not a south Indian name while "Bhatt" (or sometimes Bhatta) is a typical north Indian name. The name is popular even today in India especially among the trader community of north India.

He went to Kusumapura for higher studies, and that he lived here for some time. Bhskara I (was a 7th century Indian mathematician,) identifies Kusumapura as Pataliputra (modern Patna). He lived there in the dying years of the Gupta empire, the time which is known as the golden age of India, when it was already under Hun attack in the Northeast, during the reign of Buddhagupta and some of the smaller kings before Vishnugupta

He wrote his famous thesis called the "Aryabhatta-siddhanta" more commonly known as the "Aryabhatiya". This is the only works to have survived to the present day. It contains mathematical and astronomical hypothesis that have been discovered to be quite accurate in contemporary mathematics

Direct details of Aryabhata's work are therefore known only from the Aryabhatiya. The name Aryabhatiya is due to later commentators, Aryabhata himself may not have given it a name.
It is also occasionally referred to as Arya-shatas-aShTa, lit., Aryabhata's 108, which is the number of verses in the text. It is written in the very terse style typical of the sutra literature, where each line is an aid to memory for a complex system Thus, the explication of meaning is due to commentators. The entire text consists of 108 verses, plus an introductory 13, the whole being divided into four pAdas or chapters:

 Gitikapada: (13 verses): large units of timekalpa,

manvantra, and yugawhich present a cosmology different from earlier texts such as Lagadha's Vedanga Jyotisha (c. 1st century BCE). There is also a table of sines (jya), given in a single verse. The duration of the planetary revolutions during a mahayuga is given as 4.32 million years.
Ganitapada (33 verses): covering mensuration

(ketra vyvahra), arithmetic and geometric progressions, gnomon / shadows (shankuchhAyA), simple, quadratic, simultaneous, and indeterminate equations (kuTTaka)

 Kalakriyapada (25 verses): different

units of time and a method for determining the positions of planets for a given day, calculations concerning the intercalary month (adhikamAsa), kShaya-tithis, and a seven-day week with names for the days of week.
Golapada (50 verses):

Geometric/trigonometric aspects of the celestial sphere, features of the ecliptic, celestial equator, node, shape of the earth, cause of day and night, rising of zodiacal signs on horizon, etc.

CELESTIAL SPHERE

. INNOVATIONS BY ARYABHATA IN MATHEMATICS

Place value system and zero

Hindu - Arabic number system is consdered to be a universal human language, without which mathematics, science and commerce would be almost impossible. Aryabhatta worked on different place value notations and finally developed the decimal place value notation and the place holder. This method of the Indians is none other than our arithmetic today.

Approximation of
Aryabhata worked on the approximation for pi (), and may have come to the conclusion that is irrational. In the second part of the Aryabhatiyam, he writes: Add four to 100, multiply by eight, and then add 62,000. By this rule the circumference of a circle with a diameter of 20,000 can be approached.

This implies that the ratio of the circumference to the diameter is ((4 + 100) 8 + 62000)/20000 = 62832/20000 = 3.1416, which is accurate to five significant figures

Trigonometry
Aryabhata gives the area of a triangle as: for a triangle, the result of a perpendicular with the half-side is the area. Aryabhata discussed the concept of sine in his work by the name of ardha-jya. Literally, it means "half-chord". For simplicity, people started calling it jya. When Arabic writers translated his works, they referred it as jiba. Later in the 12th century, when Gherardo of Cremona translated these writings from Arabic into Latin, he replaced the Arabic jiab with its Latin counterpart, sinus, which means "cove" or "bay". And after that, the sinus became sine in English.

Algebra
In Aryabhatiya Aryabhata provided elegant results for the summation of series of squares and cubes:

and

Aryabhata's work was of great influence in the Indian astronomical tradition and influenced several neighbouring cultures through translations. His definitions of sine (jya), cosine (kojya), versine (utkramajya), and inverse sine (otkram jya) influenced the birth of trigonometry. Aryabhata's astronomical calculation methods were also very influential. Along with the trigonometric tables, India's first satellite Aryabhata and the lunar crater Aryabhata are named in his honour. An Institute for conducting research in astronomy, astrophysics and atmospheric sciences is the Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) near Nainital, India. The inter-school Aryabhata Maths Competition is also named after him,

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SHUBHANG KHATTAR XI D 25