A Seminar

On

ANDROID PORTING
By

G.PAVAN KUMAR 08121A0531

HOD: Prof. D. Jatin Das, B.E, MSc [Tech-CS], Professor & Head, Dept. of CSE, SVEC.

GUIDE: Mr. A.V.Sriharsha, M.Tech, [Ph.D], Associate Professor, Dept. of CSE,

SVEC.

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Affiliated to JNTUA, ANANTAPUR) SREE SAINATH NAGAR, TIRUPATI-517102. 2008-2012

Android Porting

INTRODUCTION

Android is an operating system for mobile

devices such as mobile phones, tablet computers and netbooks

Android is developed by Google Based on Linux Kernal The first phone to run the Android OS was

the HTC Dream, released on 22 Oct 2008

MARKET SHARE OF DIFFERENT SMARTPHONE OS

Source Date Symbian OS BlackBerry OS Android iOS(Apple) Windows Mobile IDC(International Data Corp.) 2010 40.1% 17.9% 16.3% 14.7% 6.8%

ANDROID RELEASES

Android 1.0 Android 1.1 1.5 Cupcake 1.6 Donut 2.0/2.1 Eclair 2.2.x Froyo 2.3.x Gingerbread 3.x Honeycomb 4.x Ice Cream Sandwich

ENHANCEMENTS OVER PREVIOUS VERSIONS

Great Compiler 2x Faster Renders JavaScript Faster Faster Browser Supporting Adobe Flash Speed and Performance boost with every version

ANDROID AVAILABILITY

Android costs nothing and the source code is freely Its license terms are commercial-friendly

available.

The one exception to this rule is the Linux kernel,

which is licensed under the GNU Public License.

LINUX BASIS

Android works on Linux kernel 2.6.x of the Linux Android 1.5 (Cupcake) based on Linux Kernel 1.6(Donut) based on Linux Kernel 2.6.29, 2.2(Froyo) based on Linux Kernel 2.6.32 and so

kernel tree.

2.6.27,

2.0 / 2.1(Eclair) based on Linux Kernel 2.6.29,

on.

ANDROID ARCHITECTURE
Android operating system software stack consists of four divisions

Applications Application Framework Libraries Linux kernel

PORTING ANDROID
Porting Android refers to putting Android onto a compatible hardware, whose technical specifications are known to support Android. Minimum Hardware Requirements

QVGA (240 x 320 pixels) touch screen

92MB RAM 150MB user storage GPS receiver

OBTAINING & COMPILING ANDROID SOURCE CODE

Step 1: Download from http://source.android.com/ Step 2: Compile Android code using make command After compilation, we receive three images, namely:

Ramdisk.img Userdata.img System.img

ANDROID ON EMULATOR

Android provides a QEMU based emulator with the The Linux kernel was first obtained using git from

SDK

http://android.git.kernel.org.

The

Android

Software

Development

Kit

(SDK)

consists of a debugger, libraries, a handset emulator, documentation, sample code, and tutorials.

ANDROID ON HARDWARE

Android kernel, which is basically a 2.6.x Linux

Kernel patched for Android, acts as an interface between the hardware and the Android OS.

We need to ensure that the kernel is compatible

with the Target Hardware and with Android

ANDROID KERNEL:
Step 3:The kernels compatibility

With Hardware using configuration file must be modified to match

defconfig/.config

technical specifications of the hardware

With Android- using patches

Step 4: Recompile the kernal to obtain the zImage. Step 5: We need to load zImage into the phone

Android on Hardware

Fig : Android on Hardware

ANDROID FILE SYSTEM

Step 6: We need to provide the kernel with a File system which contains Android images. Root File System: The root file system is the file system that is contained on the same partition on which the root directory is located Network File System: A network file system is a file system that acts as a client for a remote file access protocol, providing access to files on a server

CHALLENGES IN PORTING

Besides the kernel and other drivers, the GUI of

Android needs to be compatible with the target platform. The bootstrap

loader
in turn is

compatibleandroid the target with and android compatible with

Creating patches so that the Linux Kernel is

compatible for the mobile phone. platform.

kernel and codes for the QEMU Emulator do not work well with actual Hardware.

Creating patches

Sometimes, the changes made in the android

CONCLUSION

Because

of

minimum

hardware

requirements,

Android has the benefit of being developer friendly in terms of porting.

Users can port Android to their phone and test it

before they actually decide to buy an Android phone.

REFERENCES
[1] Nicolas Gramlich. Android Programming. (2nd edition).[Online]. Available: http://andbook.anddev.org

[1

Thank You