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Agenda
http://www.worldmapphotos.com/arab-world-map/
Electricity
Charcoal
Wood Crop waste and/or dung
Income
Standard of living illustrated in the form of Energy Ladder for rural India
(Redrawn and edited from the source: Duflo et.al., 2008)
Rural electrification is one of the main issues where additional momentum is needed to accelerate the process, as Kerosene is still being used for lighting as a result related to lack of electricity supply in many parts of rural India
Cooking major source of energy (2004 2005) represented in the form of percentage usage for households in rural and urban India
(Source: Sengupta R., 2008)
*MNES Ministry of non-conventional energy sources (2010) Renewable Energy Scenario in India http://www.indiasolar.com/ren-india.htm 22.10.2010
RE Investment
Incentives by the Indian Government range from grants, subsidy, policies support, framework for regulatory and legislative aspects, consultations and sources of finances, research and development, planning and resource assessments and help in upgrading existing energy generating technologies
Electricity
Electricity generation (2008) ~ 830 TWh + imported 9 TWh = 839 TWh consumed in one year by the whole country*
Shortages
*(IEA1, 2010)
Electricity
Reforming the electricity sector The Electricity Regulatory Commission Act of 1998 and the Electricity Act of 2003 were introduced as part of the electricity market liberalisation to help in the electrification process, i.e. by 2007 complete village electrification and by 2012 household electrification*.
*Andreas K., 2006
Electricity
The Eastern and North Eastern part of India is the areas of the country where lack of electricity supply is more prominent in the countryside than elsewhere*
*Andreas K., 2006
Electricity
Electricity
There are 404 million people in India without access to electricity supply* There are around 855 million people still rely on the traditional use of biomass materials, as a way for cooking their food
*IAE, 2010
Electricity
Electricity & Sources of Energy
Coal (78.5 GW) Gas (16.4 GW) Hydro (36.9 GW)* Oil Nuclear**
Electricity from renewable sources is approximately 13.2 GW
* Indian Wind Energy Outlook 2009, 2009. **de la Rue Can, et.
al., 2009
Electricity
India Ministry of power (MOP) projection for Electricity Requirement up to 2032*
Electricity
Future Electricity Growth & Output = 8.5% Forecast figures from the year 2011 to 2032 are relatively high, which raise the question about the energy sources of this additional larger volume of electricity generation and time scale predicted in achieving this development without the recourse for higher fossil fuels usage. If coal will be the main source of electricity generation by 2032, then the development and expansion of sustainable environmentally friendly fuels will be more of a theoretical approach rather than a practicality on the ground.
Electricity
Rural Electricity Consumption & Tariff
Domestic, Commercial, Industrial & Agricultural
Supplied meter per kWh usage The agricultural usage do not have meter measurement for the amount of electricity that has been used, instead, there is a flat payment rate Domestic usage has been allocated lower charges than the rest of the consumers
Solar-PV
~ 10 million jobs could be created worldwide in solar power by 2030*
100,000 jobs in PV by 2020 in India**
*European PV Industry Association Report, 2008 **Dr. Bharat Bhargava, Director, Solar PV, MNRE at www.solarindiaonline.com
Solar-PV
Mid 70s Solar-PV programme
Why Solar-PV for India?
Solar Street Lighting System Solar Home Lighting System Solar Lantern Solar Photovoltaic Pumps Solar Water Heating System Solar Cookers
Solar-PV
Government support Manufacturers/Customers* First year of systems installation there is 100% depreciation No excise duty (manufacturers) Low import tariff (raw materials/components) Soft loans (customers, intermediaries and manufacturers)
*Solar Photovoltaics in India http://www.indiasolar.com/SPV.htm
Solar-PV
PV Based Systems
Solar Street Lighting Systems Home Lighting Systems Solar Lanterns Solar PV pumps Solar PV Generation Plants
Total Installations*
54,795 434,692 697,419 7,148 2.12 MWp (Megawatt Peak)
Solar-PV
Renewable resources account for 9% of Indias power generation capacity* Wind energy more than 70% (9 GW) Solar-PV with estimates of 100 MWp
Adani Bitta Solar Plant (Gujarat) Gandhinagar Solar Plant 40 MW (December 2011)** (January, 2011)***
1 MW
*Indias Solar-PV White Papers http://pvgroup.org/sites/pvgroup.org/files/ctr_029171.pdf **Adani Power to start two solar projects. The Wall Street Journal (India). 2011-06-07 http://www.livemint.com/2011/06/07001344/Adani-Power-to-start-two-solar.html ***http://deshgujarat.com/2011/01/21/modi-to-dedicate-1-mw-solar-power-plant-in-gandhinagar/
7th place worldwide in PV cell production 9th place in solar thermal systems*
*Solar India 2007/08
Conclusion
Understanding Indias present energy needs/future development Renewable energy is one way of bridging the electricity gap Electricity from solar energy/Indian government Additional research in this field will be needed Solar-PV systems can reduce certain energy shortages in urban and rural areas of the country