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LEARNING OUTCOMES
To
control condition.
KEYWORDS
The
question will have a sentence like as a control or compare the treatments with a control. In the table will have controls as one of the treatments.
| Ri R j |
(1[
2 ( k 1)
])
N ( N 1) 1 1 ( ) (6.10 ) 12 ni n j
| Ri R j | z(1[
2 ( k 1)
])
k(N 1) (6.11) 6
TIES
1
i
Ri R j | z
n n
1
j
] (6.12)
12( N 1)
| Ri R j | z
k[ N ( N - 1) - ( t t )]
3
6 N ( N 1)
(6.13)
A fertilizer manufacturer conducted an experiment to compare the effects of four types of fertilizer on the yield of a certain grain. Homogeneous equal-size experimental plots of soil were made available for the experiment. They were randomly assigned to receive one of these fertilizers and plot receiving no fertilizer served as a controls. At harvest time nine plots were randomly selected from those previously assigned to each of the fertilizers and the control plots. The yields (in coded form) for each plot are shown in Table 6.19
1 58
2 68
3 B 96
4 C 101
5 D 124
None (0) A
29
37 40 44
67
69 58 62
90
90 92 99
110
90 103 100
114
111 113 114
37
49 49 38
48
62 76 66
86
79 96 75
91
100 114 94
102
114 112 103
TABLE 6.19
We wish to know which fertilizers are superior to no fertilizer. A significance level of 0.2 will be used. The ranks, rank sums, and mean ranks of the yields for each treatment are shown in Table 6.20
3 B 28.5 23 23 26 30 21 20 28.5 18
Rank
Total (R)
Mean ()
48.5
5.39
123.5
13.72
218.0
24.22
286.0
31.78
359.0
39.89
TABLE 6.20
Since the data contain several ties, and since the samples are all the same size, we will use Expression 6.13 . The adjustment for ties is obtained as follows:
t
2 2 8 8
10
12 22 28
2
2 3 2
8
8 27 8
31
35 41 Total
2
2 4 21
8
8 64 147
We now compute t-t=147-21=126 Since there are five treatments (four fertilizers and no fertilizer) under study, we have four comparisons to make. To find the appropriate z value for = 0.20, we compute:
From Table A.2 we obtain a z of 1.96. we now use expression 6.13 to compute
Table 6.21 shows the absolute values of the differences between 0 , The mean rank of the yield of the plots to which no fertilizer was applied, and the js The mean ranks of the plots receiving fertilizers j = A, B, C, D
Fertilizer
Better than no fertilizer? |5.39-13.72|= 8.33 |5.39 24.22|= 18.83 |5.39 31.78|= 26.39 |5.39 39.89|= 34.50 NO YES
A(2) B(3)
C(4)
YES
D(5)
YES
TABLE 6.21
Conclusion:
Since
8.33 is less than 12.127, we cannot conclude that fertilizer A is better than no fertilizer. Since 18.83 is greater than 12.127, we concluded that fertilizer B will result in higher yields than if no fertilizer at all were used. Since 26.39 is greater than 12.127, we concluded that fertilizer C will result in higher yields than if no fertilizer at all were used. and since 34.50 is greater than 12.127, we concluded that fertilizer D will all result in higher yields than if no fertilizer at all were used.
TABLE A.2
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